Treatment of arterial hypotension

Non-pharmacological methods of treatment of arterial hypotension

Non-drug treatment methods for arterial hypotension include normalization of the daily regimen, dynamic sports, massage, diet, diuretic herbs, physiotherapy, and psychological methods.

The main non-pharmacological methods of treatment of arterial hypotension

• Normalization of the daily regimen:
  • sleep at least 9 hours a day, with an elevated head, which promotes the formation of pressor amines;
  • daily exposure to fresh air for at least 2 hours;
  • avoid taking hot baths, hyperventilation, prolonged exposure to the sun;
  • morning exercises with subsequent water procedures (contrast and fan shower in the morning hours).
• Classes with dynamic sports: skates, skis, bicycles, running at a slow pace, fast walking, rhythmic gymnastics, dancing, swimming, tennis.
• Massage. General massage, massage of the collar zone, hands, massage of calf muscles, feet with hair brushes.
• Diet. It is advisable to include tonic drinks (tea or coffee).
• Diuretic herbs (cranberry leaf, bearberry, birch buds). They are appointed consecutively (1 course for 1 month in a quarter).
• Physiotherapy.
  • Apply procedures that have a stimulating effect.
    • Vermel electrophoresis with solutions of 5% sodium bromide, caffeine, bromine-caffeine, phenylephrine.
    • Electrosleep with a frequency of 10 Hz.
    • Acupuncture.
  • You can limit one of the above procedures or perform 2 consecutively.
    • Water procedures are aimed at restoring vascular tone. Use baths (salty-coniferous, sage, radon), Charcot's douche, fan and circular shower.
• Psychological methods of treatment of arterial hypotension.

It is necessary to establish the cause of psychoemotional stress and indicate possible ways to eliminate conflicts in the family and school. Chronic psychoemotional stress is the main pathogenetic factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Psychotherapy helps to eliminate or reduce the severity of psychoemotional stress, which is accompanied by an improvement in the functional state of adaptation systems: humoral and vegetative.

Medication

With the ineffectiveness of non-pharmacological methods of treatment of arterial hypotension, the appointment of basic therapy is indicated. Medical treatment of arterial hypotension should be carried out taking into account the severity of its clinical manifestations.

Plant adaptogens have a mild stimulating effect on the central nervous system. They include tinctures of magnolia vine, ginseng, zamanichi, eleutherococcus spiny. These drugs have an exciting effect on the central nervous system, stimulate the cardiovascular system, eliminate mental and physical fatigue, increased drowsiness, increase blood pressure. Dosage of drugs: 1 drop for 1 year of life 2 times a day (morning, day), before meals.

Nootropic drugs and GABAergic substances

Indications for the appointment of drugs in this group - memory loss, the presence of cerebral insufficiency, immaturity of the brain structures according to the electroencephalogram. Nootropic drugs have a direct activating effect on the integrative mechanisms of the brain, increase its resistance to aggressive influences, improve cortico-subcortical connections.

• Piracetam. According to its chemical structure, piracetam has a similarity to y-aminobutyric acid. It has a positive effect on the metabolic processes and blood supply of the brain, stimulates redox processes, enhances the utilization of glucose, improves blood flow in the ischemic areas of the brain. The increase in the body's energy potential is due to accelerating the turnover of ATP, increasing the activity of adenylate cyclase and inhibiting nucleotide phosphatase. Improvement of metabolic processes under the influence of pyracetam leads to an increase in brain stability during hypoxia and toxic effects. The drug improves the integrative activity of the brain, facilitates the consolidation of memory, facilitates the learning process. 1 capsule contains 0.2 or 0.4 g of active ingredient. Assign 1 capsule 3 times a day.
• Gamma-aminobutyric acid activates energy processes, increases respiratory activity of the brain, improves thinking, memory, has a mild psycho-stimulating effect, weakens vestibular disorders. The drug has a positive effect with endogenous depression with prevalence of asthenoipochondrial phenomena. One tablet contains 0.25 g of active ingredient; appoint 1 tablet 3 times a day (before meals). The course of treatment can be from 4 weeks to 2 months.
• Aminophenylbutyric acid has a tranquilizing activity, reduces stress, anxiety, fear, improves sleep. The drug is prescribed with pronounced neurotic manifestations; anticonvulsant activity, he does not possess. One tablet contains 0.25 g of active ingredient; appoint 1 tablet 3 times a day (before meals). The course of treatment can be from 4 weeks to 2 months.
• Pyrithinol activates metabolic processes in the central nervous system, reduces the excessive formation of lactic acid, increases the resistance of the brain to hypoxia. The drug is prescribed for shallow depressions, asthenic conditions, migraine, neurosis-like disorders. It can cause psychomotor agitation, sleep disturbance, irritability, is contraindicated with increased convulsive readiness. One tablet contains 0.05 g or 0.1 g of active ingredient; appoint 1 tablet 2 times a day (30 minutes after eating). The course of treatment can be from 2 weeks to 3 months.
• Cerebrolysin improves metabolic processes in the brain, has a neuroprotective effect, prevents neuronal death in hypoxic conditions, has a positive effect in cognitive disorders, improves concentration, memory and information reproduction processes, mental activity, mood, and encourages the formation of positive emotions. Produce the drug in ampoules of 1 ml. It is prescribed daily intramuscularly once for 10 days, the course is repeated after 3 months.

Anticholinergic drugs

• Bellataminal. The coated tablets contain the leaves of belladonna (0.1 mg), phenobarbital (20 mg) and ergotamine (0.3 mg). The drug reduces the excitability of central and peripheral adrenergic and cholinergic systems of the body. Has a calming effect on the central nervous system.
• Bellaspon has a similar effect. The drug is prescribed for 1 tablet 2-3 times a day after meals.

Nutrients

• Aloe vera leaves are used as an extract for injection (1 ml subcutaneously or intramuscularly). The drug can be combined with thiamine.

Alpha-adrenomimetics

They are used for orthostatic disorders, fainting.

• Midodrin is a transport and protected form for substance 1-2 ', 5'-dimethoxyphenyl, which has a direct alpha-sympathomimetic effect. The drug causes an increase in the tone of the vessels, which leads to an increase in peripheral resistance in the circulatory arterial circulation, raises blood pressure and prevents the stagnation of blood in the veins with orthostatic disorders. Due to this, the volume of circulating blood and the level of arterial pressure remain constant at a constant level, oxygen delivery to the organs increases, which leads to the elimination of such orthostatic disorders as morning weakness, drowsiness, dizziness. Midodrin does not affect the activity of the heart, but it is possible to reflex decrease in heart rate. The drug does not increase the excitability of the central nervous system.

It is released in tablets containing 2.5 mg and 5 mg of midodrin, and in 1% solution of 10, 20, 25 ml in vials (1 ml contains 10 mg of midodrin). Dosage regimen: children over 12 years are prescribed 7 drops 2 times a day or 1 tablet (2.5 mg) 2 times a day in the morning and in the evening, in young children the dose depends on the body weight.

Tranquilizers

Indications for the appointment of tranquilizers - pronounced neurotic manifestations, emotional tension, anxiety, fear, hypochondriacal mood. Preference is given to tranquilizers of activating action (tofizopam, trioksazin).

• Tofizopam - daytime tranquilizer of activating action. 1 tablet contains 50 mg of active ingredient. The drug has an anxiolytic effect, not accompanied by a pronounced sedative. Myorelaxing and anticonvulsant action. Tofizopam is classified as psycho-vegetative regulator, it has moderate stimulating activity. He is prescribed 1 tablet 2 times a day.
• Trioxazine has a moderate activating effect, raises mood, does not cause intellectual retardation and drowsiness. The drug is prescribed for neurotic disorders with predominance of hyposthenic manifestations. 1 tablet contains 0.3 g of active ingredient. Assign 1 / 4-1 / 2 tablets 2 times a day.

Drugs that improve cerebral hemodynamics and microcirculation

• Vinokamine is an alkaloid of the vinca small plant. The drug improves cerebral circulation, increases cerebral blood flow and oxygen utilization by the brain, reduces and stabilizes the resistance of its vessels, increases mental efficiency, improves memory. The drug is prescribed 10 mg once a day.
• Acetazolamide. The syndrome of intracranial hypertension is an indication for the purpose of this diuretic drug (mainly acts on the proximal tubules), which reduces the formation of cerebrospinal fluid. The drug promotes the excretion of potassium ions, so it is necessary to replenish its content (prescribe potassium and magnesium asparaginate). Acetazolamide is prescribed according to the scheme: daily intake for 3 days followed by a break for one day. 1 tablet contains 0.25 g of active ingredient. Assign, depending on the age from 1/4 to 1 tablet 1 time per day, in the first half of the day.