Skin neuroma: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Skin neuroma is a tumor-like proliferation of nerve tissue. There are traumatic, idiopathic (solitary or multiple) and multiple neuromas of the mucous membranes. The latter represents the result of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 26. Traumatic, or amputational, neuroma is not a true tumor, but represents posttraumatic hyperregeneration of nerves.

Idiopathic skin neuroma is rare, it can be solitary and multiple. A solitary neuroma is found in early childhood or in adults, and multiple in adults. It can only be on the skin or combined with neuromas of the oral mucosa. These types of neuritis are painless.

Multiple neuroma of the mucous membranes is an expression of the syndrome of multiple endocrine neoplasia, described by RJ Gorlin et al. (1968). It is inherited autosomally dominant, appears in early childhood in the form of small nodules in the oral cavity. Sometimes sclera and the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract are affected.

Pathomorphology. With all the types of neuroma described above, the histological pattern is the same. In the dermis there are a large number of randomly arranged bundles of nerve fibers and a significant proliferation of connective tissue. Nerves that are different in caliber are identified, which in places form conglomerates in the form of coils. Electron microscopy in neuromas revealed a variety of nerve fibers containing both myelin and bezmieline axons and neyrolemocytes. Nerve fibers are surrounded by several layers of perineural cells, which are closely contacted with collagen fibers.

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