Osteoid osteoma: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Osteoid-osteoma is a benign tumor with a diameter of up to 1.5 cm with a characteristic clinical-radiographic picture consisting of osteoid and weakly-primed primitive bone beams located in the vascularized osteogenic tissue.

The tumor accounts for 2-3% of all primary neoplasms of the skeleton and 12% of benign bone tumors. Most often it is detected at the age of 10-30 years.

Patients with osteoid osteomas complain of pain in the affected segment of the limb, which intensify at night. They note the positive effect of NSAIDs. The intensity of pain increases over time, lameness is attached (when the tumor is localized in the pelvic bones and lower limbs), the soft tissue of the affected limb is hypotrophy. With intra-articular localization, signs of reactive synovitis and restriction of joint function are revealed.

Osteoid-osteoma is more often found in short and long tubular bones, pelvic bones, tarsus and vertebrae. The asymmetrically located locally thickened portion of the sclerotized bone with an enlarged focus with a diameter of up to 1.5 cm is determined on the X-ray and CT scans. Regional hypervascularization (155% on average) and hyperfection of the radiopharmaceutical (an average of 270%) are noted in scintigraphy. Differential diagnosis is performed with metaphyseal fibrotic defect, primary chronic form of osteomyelitis, foci of bone necrosis in dystrophic processes. Surgical treatment - marginal resection of the pathological focus.

[1], [2], [3], [4]