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Doctor Biniamin SHALEV
Ophthalmologist

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Convergent strabismus (esotropia)

 
, medical expert
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
 
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Eisotropy is a form of strabismus, in which the optic axes converge. The esotropia can be paralytic or friendly, permanent or cyclic, monocular or alternating, connected and not associated with accommodation.

trusted-source[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]

The main causes of convergent strabismus (esotropia):

  1. Congenital esotropy
  2. Duane Syndrome
  3. Accomodative esotropy
  4. Defeat of the abducent nerve (one-sided or bilateral)
  5. Spasm of convergence (more often of psychogenic origin)
  6. Tonic spasm of convergence as part of the dorsal midbrain syndrome.
  7. Acute thalamic esotropia
  8. Rear internuclear ophthalmoplegia (pseudo-abdotsens)
  9. Neuromyotonia
  10. Insufficient divergence
  11. Divergence paralysis
  12. Cyclic oculomotor paralysis (in the spastic phase)
  13. Syndrome of nystagmus blockade (strabismus, in which the eyes and head assume a position minimizing nystagmus).
  14. Defeat of the abducent nerve with contracture of the antagonist muscle (ipsilateral straight muscle) in the recovery phase.
  15. Myasthenia gravis
  16. Infringement of the medial rectus muscle (with trauma)
  17. Dysthyreoidal orbitopathy (rare)
  18. Pathological processes in orbit
  19. Encephalopathy Wernicke
  20. Chiari malformation
  21. Diseases of the striated muscles.

Monocular nystagmus

  1. Acquired monocular blindness (nystagmus on the side of the blind eye)
  2. Amblyopia
  3. An infarction of the brain stem (thalamus and oral sections of the brain stem)
  4. Ictal nystagmus
  5. Internuclear and pseudo-nuclear ophthalmoplegia
  6. Multiple sclerosis
  7. Nystagmus with monocular ophthalmoplegia
  8. Pseudonystagm (the fascism of the century)
  9. Myocardium of the upper oblique muscle
  10. Spasmus nutans.

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