Pollinous conjunctivitis: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Among the allergens of biological origin, the pollen of plants occupies a prominent place. In humans, it causes an allergic disease called pollen. The first mention of pollinosis was found in the works of Galen, which date back to the second century. Pioneer of pollinosis is the English doctor Vostok, who in 1819 made the first official communication in the London Medical and Surgical Society about hay fever, considering the cause of the disease hay. However, it was only at the beginning of the 20th century that it was proved that hay fever was the result of sensitization to the protein of plant pollen.

Pollinosis is widespread.

The problem of pollinosis is being studied all over the world, as it is common in many countries.

Vegetable pollen, which causes allergies, has certain properties. It is very shallow (grain diameter from 2-3 to 40 microns), therefore it is extremely volatile and spreads over long distances. The most allergic activity is pollen ragweed pollinolistnoy from the family Compositae. Less pollen of trees, especially pine, despite its abundance and volatility. Intermediate place on allergenic activity is occupied by pollen of grass grasses, of which pollen of timothy grass, fescue, hedgehogs of the national team is more active.

Allergic reactions to plant pollen in humans are characterized by a clear, year-to-year recurring seasonality. The period of the disease coincides with the period of flowering of certain plant species. There is a direct relationship between the amount of pollen in the air and the severity of the attacks of the disease.

There are four pollen waves in Ukraine:

1. The first (mid-end of April) is connected with sawing alder, hazel, birch, elm, willow;
2. the second (beginning-middle of May) is caused by the dusting of birch, poplar, pine and spruce;
3. the third (early June) coincides with the beginning of the dusting of grass grasses and the peak of the dusting of pine and spruce;
4. the fourth (August-September) is associated with the dusting of Artemisia, quinoa and other members of the family Compositae and Maren.

It is established that the composition of pollen includes proteins, sugars, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins (especially E), pigments, various enzymes, etc.

At the heart of sublingus is the allergic reaction of hypersensitivity of the first type. Pollinosis is included in the group of exoallergic diseases, proceeding immediately. They belong to atopic diseases.

Symptoms of hay fever

Symptoms of pollinosis are caused by allergic inflammation of the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, nasopharynx, trachea, bronchi, digestive tract, as well as the skin and various parts of the nervous system. The most frequent clinical manifestations of pollinosis are a combination of allergic pollen rhinosinus, conjunctivitis and pollen asthma.

The organ of vision is often affected by pollination. Pallipose conjunctivitis can begin to acutely, with complete health, sudden, without visible cause, there is severe itching and burning sensation in the eyes. Starting in the inner corner of the eye, itching spreads to the upper and lower eyelids, accompanied by swelling of the skin and flushing of the eyelid edges. Appear transparent mucous separable, stretched by long threads, pain in the region of the superciliary arches, lacrimation, photophobia. Gradually, the edema and hyperemia of the conjunctiva of the eyelids and the eyeball increase. Edema of the conjunctiva can be so pronounced that the cornea "guesses" in the surrounding chemotactic conjunctiva. In such cases, marginal infiltrates appear in the cornea, more often in the eye area. Semi-transparent focal surface infiltrates, rice laid along the limbus, can merge and ulcerate, forming superficial erosions of the cornea. Diffuse papillary hypertrophy is noted in the area of the superior cartilage. Expressed changes only in conjunctiva or in combination with marginal keratitis are observed, as a rule, in patients in the absence of other symptoms of pollinosis. With concomitant rhinitis, the conjunctiva is less hyperemic and edematic, and keratitis has the character of diffuse eioteliopathy or epithelial point keratitis, non-corcorneal injection is usually absent.

More often, pollinous conjunctivitis occurs chronically with moderate burning under the eyelids, insignificant detachable, periodically arising itch of the eyelids, slight congestion hyperemia, small follicles or papillae on the mucous membrane can be found.

Treatment of Pollinosis

During an exacerbation of pollinous conjunctivitis, antihistamines are prescribed inside, which must be taken regularly. As an antihistamine drug of local action antazaline (antistine) in the form of 0.5% eye drops is used alone or in combination with 0.05% naphazoline (eye drops of antichrist), instillation 3-4 times, 2% gt; In chronic course, use alum id or lekrolnn 2 times a day for 2-3 weeks, with acute course - allergophthal or spersallerg 2-3 times a day. With blepharitis, hydrocortisone-POC ointment is applied to the eyelids. With persistent recurrent course, specific immunotherapy is performed under the supervision of an allergist.