Malignant: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
All iLive content is medically reviewed or fact checked to ensure as much factual accuracy as possible.
We have strict sourcing guidelines and only link to reputable media sites, academic research institutions and, whenever possible, medically peer reviewed studies. Note that the numbers in parentheses ([1], [2], etc.) are clickable links to these studies.
If you feel that any of our content is inaccurate, out-of-date, or otherwise questionable, please select it and press Ctrl + Enter.
[Causes of malnutrition
Pathological conditions in which there may be a lack of water:
- related to diseases of the mother:
- gestosis;
- chronic cardiovascular diseases (arterial hypertension);
- chronic diseases of the urinary and reproductive systems;
- Infectious and inflammatory diseases in the mother, including inflammatory diseases of female genital organs;
- associated with fetal pathology:
- the pathology of the urinary and reproductive systems;
- syndrome of fetal development delay;
- chromosomal pathology;
- intrauterine infection;
- associated with the pathology of the placenta:
- abnormalities of placenta development;
- fetoplacental insufficiency.
Malnutrition also occurs with a delayed pregnancy, intrauterine fetal death, premature rupture of membranes. Idiopathic archery is also distinguished.
The pathogenesis of malnutrition is not well understood. There are two forms of lack of hydration:
- early form - diagnosed in the 16-20th week of pregnancy with the help of ultrasound. Often combined with congenital malformations of the developed fetus (lung hypoplasia, agenesis or polycystic kidney disease, Ponter's syndrome);
- late form - is diagnosed after the 26th week of pregnancy, is due to insufficient functional activity of the membranes or fetal conditions.
When malovodia in the membranes, extensive necrosis of the epithelium of the amnion and blockage of the mechanism of transport of water and urea are revealed (at an inflammatory genesis of malnutrition), atrophy and sclerosis of the decidua, pathological development of chorionic villi (with malformations).
In amniotic fluid in maluvial fluid, changes in levels of chorionic gonadotropin, placental lactogen, prolactin, and estradiol are determined.
Diagnosis of lack of hydration
- lagging of the height of the standing of the uterine fundus and the abdominal circumference from the normative indices for the expected period of pregnancy;
- decreased motor activity of the fetus;
- uterus with palpation dense, clearly defined parts of the fetus and his heartbeat is listened to;
- when vaginal examination is determined by a flat fetal bladder, the front waters are practically absent, and the fetal membranes are "taut" on the head of the fetus;
Ultrasound can more accurately determine the severity of malnutrition. The diagnosis of malnutrition is established in those cases when the IWA index is below 5%.
Treatment of lack of hydration
To date, effective methods for pathogenetic correction of low salinity have not been developed. When diagnosing infertility, the following measures should be applied:
- Elimination of the cause of malnutrition, if it is established (for example, antibacterial therapy for intrauterine infection of the fetus);
- correction of uteroplacental blood circulation.
In addition, it should be borne in mind that when there is malnutrition before the 22nd week of pregnancy, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive examination to exclude the developmental fetuses.
In turn, low saline in the III trimester of pregnancy is often combined with a delay in intrauterine development of the fetus. Given the ineffectiveness of drug treatment of intrauterine growth retardation, the key to the management of such pregnant women is a clear assessment of the condition of the fetus and timely delivery.
If there is a lack of water in the process of labor (a flat fetal bladder), it is necessary to perform amniotomy.