Contusion of the joint

A joint injury is a serious injury that, unlike a soft tissue injury, can result in hemarthrosis or a hemorrhage into the joint cavity. As a rule, the bruise of the joint is accompanied by a strong swelling, severe and long-lasting pain. Depending on what joint is injured, motor limitations are possible, and sometimes immobility.

The elbows are most often bruised - they are the leader among all the lungs articular injuries, in second place is the bruise of the knee joint. No less dangerous is the joint injury of the hip joint, especially in the elderly, whose bone system is extremely vulnerable and at risk of fractures.

In traumatological practice, it is important to differentiate the bruises of the joints with dislocations and sprains, which often accompany such traumas. Independently to distinguish a joint injury from more serious injuries is not so difficult: with a bruise, the pain symptom is not so intense, in addition, the pain subsides after several hours, which does not happen with a dislocation, sprain. Also, the bruise is rarely accompanied by hemarthrosis, and the ligament rupture almost always adjoins the joint hemorrhage.

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Joint injury in the hip area

The hip of the hip zone is a trauma to the soft tissues located above the bony, femoral protuberances. Most often damaged areas of the trochanter of the femur, the front of the thigh, the region of the sciatic nerve (hillock). In addition, that the injured person experiences painful sensations at the moment of impact, most often he becomes immobilized. Even if the foot is stationary, at rest, any pressure, palpation or muscle tension causes pain. If the sciatic hillock is damaged, the person begins to limp, as the soft tissues injured in this area are directly related to the running motor activity. If the iliac bone is bruised, the pain manifests itself when the hips are withdrawn, for example, with tilts or squats. The affected front part of the femoral surface is given painful symptoms when the leg or leg is bent or unbent. Virtually all bruises of the hip joints are accompanied by swelling, bruising.

The bruise of the hip joint is diagnosed with a simple scheme: collection of anamnestic information, x-ray of the pelvic bones, computer tomography can be assigned if suspicion of osseous fractures is suspected.

Complications of the hip joint injury is quite rare, the usual consequence of this injury is the infringement of the muscular tissue in the fascial zones (lodges). In traumatological practice, this phenomenon is called a subfascial syndrome. In addition, a bruise can provoke calcification (ossification) of deep sections of the thigh muscles, such ossification is removed by surgical methods. Infrequently, however, there is also a serious complication of the contusion, called morello Lavalle disease. This disease is characterized by an intense detachment of the skin after a severe stroke. The syndrome is also called "wheel noise", since most often the injury is caused by the mechanical action of the wheel of transport - a car or a bus. This syndrome is poorly understood, but it is often missed in the diagnostic complex. Detachment, and then necrotic soft tissue begins imperceptibly, but develops rapidly. The first type of injury, which provokes a joint injury, refers to the crushing of the fatty layer. The second type refers to crushing fatty tissue, when the fat layer remains safe. The third type is a combined squeezing of the subcutaneous tissues including both the fat layer, and fiber and deeply lying tissues. Morel Lavalle syndrome is common in elderly patients, when lymph and blood accumulation appears between the compressed thigh tissues, unable to resolve due to poor vascular conduction and overall loss of elasticity.

Treatment, which involves a hip joint injury, usually refers to conservative methods. The standard scheme, shown with bruises, also works in cases with hip injuries: rest, cold in the first day, limb fixation. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as diclofenac, ibuprofen, are prescribed, and prescription of anesthetics - ketones, spasmalgone - is also possible. Two days later, you need to start restoring mobility with the help of special corrective exercises for stretching the muscles. At the same time, you can rub the bruised area with gels and ointments - Diklak, Dolobien, Voltaren. The period of recovery of mobility depends on the severity of the injury, often elderly people have to use a stick and even crutches for several weeks to reduce the dynamic stress on the joint.

Injury of elbow joint

The contusion of the elbow joint is very painful, most often it is provoked by a blow in the sagittal plane (in front and in the middle of the joint). The elbow joint is a complex anatomical structure, so many of its components are injured at once - synovial membranes, articular cartilage, often a fibrous capsule and even bone tissue.

Symptoms that characterize the bruise of the elbow joint, do not need differentiation, so they are intense. The first thing a person feels is a piercing pain, if a nerve is touched, the pain becomes strong and does not abate for a long time. A severe bruise is accompanied by edema of the ulnar tissue, hematomas in this zone are rare. Increasing puffiness can interfere with flexion movements. In itself, the bruise of the joint is not dangerous, if it does not affect the cartilaginous tissue. If it is injured, destruction of the cartilage is possible, which in turn provokes the development of deforming arthrosis. Also, a bruise may be accompanied by subchondral hemorrhage, since the subchondral plate contains many capillaries and nerve endings. One of the serious complications of an elbow injury can be hemarthrosis - the accumulation of blood in the joint cavity.

Diagnose the bruise of the elbow joint as well as other injuries, which must be differentiated with dislocations or sprains of the ligament apparatus. The circumstances of the injury are clarified, anamnestic information is collected, if necessary, an X-ray examination is performed.

The bruise of the elbow joint is treated in a complex manner. In therapeutic actions included fixing the joint with the help of langets, cold compresses in the first day, possibly applying resorption drugs, such as Troxevasin. Strong pain can be removed by taking a pill of ketanov or ibuprofen. In the future, the use of anti-inflammatory non-steroid drugs and chondroprotectors is oral.

Knee joint injury

The knee suffers from injuries as often as the elbow. In the knee area there are more soft tissues, therefore, in addition to pain and swelling, the bruise is accompanied by hematomas. Moreover, the knee joint is one of the largest and most complex joints in the body, the patella, the tibia and the femur participate in its work. The joint of the knee is covered with a cartilaginous tissue and is fastened with a ligamentous apparatus. Inside the bag of the joint is a synovial fluid that helps the joint "slide", in addition, the stable functioning of the knee depends on the state of the cartilaginous plates - menisci, absorbing and distributing the motor load. The whole structure of the knee joint can be traumatized either partially or in combination, especially if the impact was severe.

Symptoms and diagnosis of knee injury

A normal joint injury is not dangerous, if the puffiness in the knee is small, there is no bruising, and the pain passes for an hour. If the blow was strong, the joint swells, its contours are smoothed out due to the accumulation of lymph in the subcutaneous tissue, often a developing hematoma. In addition to puffiness, the bruise is accompanied by prolonged pain, difficulty in movement. Possible hemarthrosis, which is determined by balloting the patella: the limb is straightened, gently pressed on the patellar region so that it plunges completely into the joint cavity. If there really is a blood clot, the patella seems to pop up. Hemarthrosis is one of the most serious complications of a knee injury, often the fluid that accumulates in the cavity reaches volumes of up to 150 ml. A person can not unbend a knee, as this causes him great pain. The meniscus injury is also a danger, which can provoke even a minor joint injury. Diagnostics include visual inspection, traumatology tests, mandatory is the radiography in two projections.

Treatment, which involves a knee joint injury, is standard enough. Light bruises are treated with the help of fixing the joint, in some cases, the imposition of a wedge is shown. Cold and rest, as well as taking anti-inflammatory medications can significantly alleviate the condition of the victim. Two days later, you can use resorptive edema ointments, such as Troxevasin, Heparin gel. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents should be used throughout the recovery period. More serious injuries, which are accompanied by severe swelling and hemorrhage into the joint cavity, suggests puncturing to remove fluid.