Follicular cyst

The follicular cyst is a fairly common type of neoplasm, belonging to the category of functional benign cysts. The cyst is formed if ovulation for some reason is not present, when the ripened follicle is full of fluid, but not torn due to lack of ovulation. This is a specific bubble, usually of small size, with thin walls, one-chambered. Most often, the follicular cyst develops during the period of hormonal formation in nulliparous young women, but recently in gynecological clinical practice, cases of diagnosing neoplasms and women in the premenopausal period have become more frequent.

The follicular cyst is diagnosed at random, usually in women of reproductive age with routine gynecological examinations or when a woman is registered for pregnancy. This kind of cysts often does not show itself as a symptom, and one of its indisputable advantages is the ability of cystic formation to self-resorption. However, the follicular ovarian cyst is not always harmless, it can develop to large sizes, squeeze adjacent organs, in addition, its leg can be twisted and block the blood supply of the ovary veins. Any disquieting manifestation in health related to pelvic organs should not be ignored by a woman, because the follicular cyst affects the reproductive function, provoking her absence (infertility), and sometimes it comes to life.

How does the follicular cyst manifest?

• Heaviness in the groin area of the abdomen. 
• Feeling of bursting in the lower abdomen. 
• Periodic tingling, lumbago right or left in the lower abdomen. 
• Pain in the lower abdomen with intense exercise or running. 
• Pain in the lower abdomen with a sharp change in body position. 
• Pain in the lower abdominal area with sharp inclinations. 
• Pain in the groin, right or left during or after sexual intercourse. 
• Pain in the middle period of the menstrual cycle, often cramping. 
• Weakness and lowering of body temperature in the last period of the menstrual cycle. 
• Allocations with bloody clots between menstrual cycles.

The follicular cyst is dangerous for its complications and consequences, among which the most disturbing are the rupture and torsion of the legs. Torsion cysts can be provoked by excessive physical activity - sports exercises, intense sexual contact, trauma, falling. A small torsion is just as dangerous as a full torsion, because they both break the blood flow of arterial blood, blocking the venous blood supply. The follicular cyst as a result is literally filled with fluid, its walls can be necrotic or burst, which leads to internal bleeding and peritonitis.

Symptoms of a twisting of a foot of a neoplasm: 

• Strong, sharp pain, like a fight. 
• Severe vertigo until unconscious. 
• Nausea and vomiting. 
• Sweating, tachycardia. 
• Decrease in pressure, slowing or increasing heart rate. 
• The peristaltic "silence" of the intestinal tract is the stop of the intestine.

Symptoms of ruptured cysts:

• Dagger pain, most often in the groin, on the right or on the left, in the place where the cyst is located. •
• Nausea, often vomiting. 
• Fever, cold sweat. 
• Loss of consciousness, faint. 
• Falling blood pressure.

How is the follicular cyst treated?

Treatment of uncomplicated cystic formations consists in dynamic observation during 2-4 month cycles. Often, surveillance does not involve drug treatment if the follicular cyst is small and does not bother the woman. If the cyst is not involved, hormonal therapy is indicated, suggesting the appointment of monophasic or two-phase contraceptives. During conservative therapy, the condition of the cyst is also monitored by ultrasound. If the cyst develops and exceeds in size 7-8 centimeters, it is removed, the walls of the cavity are sutured. It is also possible and partial resection of the ovary with the preservation of all possible tissues, which are considered healthy. The operation is not highly traumatic, since it is performed with the help of a laparoscopic method. After a successful operation, the functions of the ovary are restored, and a woman can become pregnant if all recommendations are observed during the rehabilitation period.

The follicular cyst, as well as other types of neoplasms, is subject to prevention, which consists in simple actions on the part of the woman. It is a question of regular gynecological examinations every six months. This allows for the timely detection of an education such as a follicular cyst at an early stage of development, when it is possible to avoid a conservative method of therapy, without the risk of complications and fear of a possible operation.