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X-ray endovascular occlusion
Last reviewed: 05.07.2025
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Roentgen endovascular occlusion is a transcatheter occlusion of a vessel, its embolization. For this purpose, an embolizing material is introduced through a catheter, which temporarily or permanently occludes the lumen of the vessel. Depending on the caliber of the vessel and the purpose of the procedure, platinum microparticles, microspheres with ferromagnetics, a hemostatic gelatin sponge, metal spirals, and oil emulsions are used. Roentgen endovascular occlusion is performed to stop bleeding (for example, pulmonary, gastric, intestinal), thrombose aneurysms, and separate congenital and acquired arteriovenous anastomoses. Embolization of the internal iliac artery is a means of stopping severe bleeding in pelvic trauma. Roentgen endovascular occlusion is used before some surgical interventions, for example, during nephrectomy for kidney cancer, which contributes to the "bloodlessness" of the operation and facilitates the removal of the neoplasm.
Roentgenoendovascular interventions include many other manipulations: percutaneous closure of patent arterial (Botallo's) duct and cardiac septal defect, transcatheter embolectomy, transcatheter removal of foreign bodies from the heart and pulmonary artery. Methods of selective administration of drugs and radioactive therapeutic agents into various parts of the vascular system have become widespread. They are used in tumor chemotherapy, non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia, to dissolve clots in the lumen of the vessel (drug thrombolysis) and to treat acute thrombosis. Great success has been achieved in thrombolytic therapy for patients with acute myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, as well as transcatheter therapy for acute pancreatitis and pancreatic necrosis. Local action of drugs is often more effective than intravenous or intramuscular.