X-ray endovascular occlusion
Last reviewed: 18.10.2021
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X-ray endovascular occlusion is a transcatheter occlusion of the vessel, its embolization. For this, an embolizing material is injected through the catheter, which temporarily or permanently surrounds the lumen of the vessel. Depending on the caliber of the vessel and the purpose of the procedure, platinum microparticles, microspheres with ferromagnets, hemostatic gelatin sponge, metal spirals, oil emulsions are used. X-ray endovascular occlusion is performed to stop bleeding (eg, pulmonary, gastric, intestinal), thrombosis of an aneurysm, dissociation of congenital and acquired arteriovenous anastomies. Embolization of the internal iliac artery is a means of stopping severe bleeding in pelvic trauma. X-ray endovascular occlusion is resorted to with some surgical interventions, for example, in nephrectomy for kidney cancer, which contributes to the "bloodlessness" of the operation and facilitates the removal of the neoplasm.
X-ray endovascular interventions include many other manipulations: percutaneous closure of the unhealed arterial (botallova) duct and defect in the septum of the heart, transcatheter embowectomy, transcatheter removal of foreign bodies from the heart and pulmonary artery. Methods of selective administration of drugs and radioactive medical preparations to various departments of the vascular system have spread. They are used for chemotherapy of tumors, non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia, for dissolution of clots in the lumen of the vessel (drug thrombolysis), and for the treatment of acute thrombosis. Great success has been achieved with thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction, with pulmonary embolism, as well as with transcatheter therapy for acute pancreatitis and pancreatonecrosis. Local effects of drugs are often more effective than intravenous or intramuscular.