What causes allergic rhinitis?

In infancy and early childhood, allergic rhinitis is most often caused by food allergens (cow's milk, milk mixtures, chicken eggs, semolina, medicines and vaccine reactions), and in preschool and school - inhalation. What factors contribute to the development of allergic rhinitis. First of all, it is heredity.

Positive allergic anamnesis is revealed in parents with allergic rhinitis in 54% of cases, and in rhinosinusitis - in 16%. It is known that the development of respiratory allergy contributes to the anatomical features of the nasal cavity, prolonged contact with the allergen, increased permeability of the mucosa and vascular wall, developed cavernous tissue of nasal concha, that is, even normal anatomical and physiological situations. The situation deteriorates with pathological conditions in the nasal cavity, the most common example is the development of acute respiratory disease. This is confirmed by statistical data: according to them in 12% of cases of allergic rhinitis begins after a previous acute respiratory viral infection.

Risk factors for allergic rhinitis include the ecological environment in which the child's life passes. Most often children have to come in contact with poultry and animals, fish and feed for them. Recently, brightly colored toys have appeared, they also pay attention to spores of mushrooms, down. Feather pillows. It is proved that the frequency of allergic rhinitis in a child in families where parents smoke (passive smoking) is 2-4 times higher. Very neatly apply to the newfangled chemical preparations, especially highly disperse, for example, used to remove odor. It is known, the most important risk factor is house dust. A special place is occupied by the rapid multiplication of spores of fungi in domestic dust, with high humidity in the apartment during the autumn-winter period (up to 2500 in 1 g of dust). There may be an allergic rhinitis in the child after vaccination. Such iatrogenic factors include lubrication and infusion of drops into the nasal cavity, administration of the drug on the turunda. Fortunately, children less often than adults use injections in the septum of the nose and shell (procaine steroids, antihistamines). The cases of allergic rhinitis after surgical interventions (adenotonzillektomiya), conducted during the flowering of grasses, are described. Even the very birth of a child during the flowering period is a prerequisite for the development of allergic rhinitis. It is proved that in children born in May, allergic rhinitis occurs 4 times more often than in those born, for example, in February.

It can be concluded that the allergic anamnesis is collected rather carefully, but this can not be said about the pediatric history, especially about the information concerning the period of the newborn and infancy. Meanwhile, some physical illnesses of parents (mainly mothers), their professions (chemists, pharmacists, tasters, associated with radiation and microwave radiation, tobacco, furniture and textile production) are among the risk factors.

Local conditions that promote the development of allergic rhinitis:

• increased permeability of the nasal mucosa;
• anatomical features of the architectonics of the nasal cavity, causing long-term contact with allergens;
• features of venous circulation and a tendency to stagnant processes due to the presence of cavernous tissue of the nasal concha;
• a slight decrease in the motor activity of the ciliated epithelium, for example, with a change in pH;
• frequent respiratory diseases with nasopharynx;
• adverse conditions of outflow from the paranasal sinuses;
• Difficult nasal breathing due to narrowness of the nasal passages, aggravated by curvature of the septum;
• adenoid vegetations;
• concomitant cervical regional lymphadenitis.

General conditions conducive to the development of allergic rhinitis:

• the child's birth time;
• neglect of risk factors for a parent's anamnesis: physical illnesses of the mother and the profession of parents;
• vaccination;
• life in conditions of passive smoking, high humidity in the apartment, house dust (spores of fungi);
• contact with pets, fish and birds (feed):
• use of deodorants, modern toys with dangerous chemical ingredients;
• use of down pillows and blankets;
• frequent lubrication of the nasal cavity, the introduction of a large number of drugs, including vasoconstrictors, especially on turundas.
• intranasal injections, iontophoresis;
• carrying out surgical interventions during the flowering period.