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Violation of the development of motor functions in children: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment
Last reviewed: 20.11.2021
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Synonym: dyspraxia development.
An upset, the main symptom of which is a violation of the development of motor coordination. The disorder can not be explained by mental retardation or any specific congenital or acquired neurological disorders.
ICD-10 code
F82 Specific developmental disorders of motor function.
Epidemiology
The prevalence is about 6% among children aged 5 to 11 years. Boys predominate among the patients.
Causes and pathogenesis
Possible etiological factors are divided into two groups: development factors and factors of change in brain structures. The hypothesis of development suggests that the disorder is caused by a disruption in the connection between cortical and executive motor systems, as well as by different degrees of their maturation. According to the organic theory, minimal brain damage creates a predisposition to the development of motor function disorders.
Symptoms
Observe the violations of dynamic and kinesthetic praxis. In early childhood, motor awkwardness manifests itself in all areas of activity requiring coordination. The gait is unstable, children often stumble and strike against obstacles, learn to run slower, they later develop self-service skills associated with motor skills (button fastening, tying of shoelaces, etc.). Incomplete drawing and graphic skills often become a problem in the initial training - bad writing, non-observance of the line, slow pace of work. The degree of violations varies from violations of fine motor skills to gross motor discoordination. In the elderly, often observed secondary disorders (low self-esteem, emotional and behavioral disorders).
Treatment
Complex of neuropsychological methods for correction of motor dysfunction and modified methods of perceptual motor training. Secondary emotional and behavioral disorders require psychotherapeutic and adequate drug treatment from a psychiatrist.
Forecast
With a clear tendency to compensate for motor function disorders in general, motor awkwardness persists in adolescence and throughout adulthood.
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