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Vessels and nerves of the organ of vision
Last reviewed: 20.11.2021
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The eyeball and its auxiliary organs receive blood from the branches of the eye artery, which in turn is a branch of the internal carotid artery. Venous blood from the organ of vision flows through the eye veins into the cavernous sinus. The retina supplies the central artery of the retina (a centralis retinae), which penetrates the interior of the eyeball in the thickness of the optic nerve and gives the upper and lower branches in the region of the disc. The central vein of the retina and its tributaries are adjacent to the same arteries. Short and long posterior and anterior ciliary arteries branch in the choroid. The branches of these arteries in the thickness of the iris anastomose with each other and form two arterial circles: the large (circulus arteriosus iridis major) at the ciliary edge of the iris and the small (circulus arteriosus iridis minor) in the pupillary margin. Sclera is supplied by the posterior short ciliary arteries. From the dense venous network of the vascular wall itself, 4-6 vorticose veins (vv. Vorticosae) are formed, which perforate the sclera and flow into the ophthalmic veins. The anterior ciliary veins collect blood from the ciliary body, the iris and sclera.
The eyelids and conjunctiva receive blood from the medial and lateral arteries of the eyelids, the anastomoses between which form in the thickness of the eyelids the arc of the upper eyelid and the arc of the lower eyelid, and the anterior conjunctival arteries. Veins of the same name fall into the eye and facial veins. A lacrimal artery is sent to the lacrimal gland (a. Lacrimalis).
Muscles, fasciae, the fatty body of the orbit are also blood-flowing branches of the eye artery. Lymphatic vessels from the eyelids, conjunctiva go to submandibular, as well as to superficial and deep parotid (pre-limb) lymph nodes.
Sensitive innervation of the contents of the orbit receives from the first branch of the trigeminal nerve - the optic nerve. From its branch - the nosoresnichnogo nerve go long ciliary nerves, suitable for the eyeball. The lower eyelid is innervated by the infraorbital nerve, which extends from the second branch of the trigeminal nerve. The muscle, the narrowing pupil, and the ciliary muscle receive the parasympathetic fibers of the oculomotor nerve (from the ciliary node in the composition of the short ciliary nerves). The muscle - the dilator of the pupil innervates the sympathetic fibers of the inner carotid plexus, reaching the eyeball along with the blood vessels. The upper, lower and medial rectus muscles, the lower oblique muscle of the eye and the muscle that lifts the upper eyelid, innervate the motor fibers from the oculomotor nerve, the lateral line from the outgoing nerve, the upper oblique line from the nerve block.