Uterine cyst

A uterine cyst is a benign formation caused by a chronic inflammatory process that blocks the excretory function of the ducts of the glandular tissue of the uterus and the accumulation of mucus in the glands. The cause is inflammation of the cervix - cervicitis or endocervicitis. A uterine cyst almost never becomes malignant, that is, it does not develop into an oncological process, but the harmful agents that accumulate and persist in the neoplasm are the source of chronic recurrent inflammation of the cervix. It turns out to be a vicious circle: on the one hand, cervicitis or endocervicitis provokes the formation of a cyst, on the other hand, an undetected and untreated cystic formation activates inflammation. Also, a uterine cyst aggravates the course of colpitis - an inflammatory process in the mucous membrane of the vagina, provokes the development of endometritis - inflammation of the endometrium of the uterus. In addition, cystic formations can be the cause of persistent infertility, tubal or abdominal ectopic pregnancy, bacterial inflammation of the fallopian tubes - salpingitis and many other gynecological problems.

Uterine cyst is one of the diseases that is diagnosed in 15-20% of all women aged 20 to 45. The uterus is generally considered a rather vulnerable organ that is subject to various infections and damage due to its specific structure.

Why does a uterine cyst develop?

It is more correct to call a uterine cyst a cervical cyst or a Nabothian cyst (Ovuli Naboti). The cause is congenital false erosions of epithelial tissue, blockage of glands. Less often, the cause may be hormonal disorders or inflammatory processes such as colpitis, salpingitis, and others. The pseudo-erosive process "hides" over time, becoming covered with seemingly healthy epithelial tissue, but the cysts remain and can be a source of recurrent inflammatory processes.

Structure of the uterus

Uterus is the Latin name for an important female reproductive organ located between the bladder (behind it) and the rectum (in front of it). The uterus consists of a large part - the body, a narrow part - the cervix and an upper part - the fundus. The uterus is a fairly mobile organ, since its position depends on the location and condition of nearby organs that can displace it. The organ is protected by the mucous part of the cervix, which consists of glandular columnar epithelium that produces a secretion, and the inner lining of the cervix consists of squamous epithelium, it is not capable of keratinization. When these two different tissue structures are displaced, the columnar epithelium begins to enter the flat, vaginal zone, pseudo-erosion can develop, which in turn provokes the formation of cysts. Due to the constant influx of mucus and blockage of the excretory ducts, the glands gradually expand, stretch, accumulate epithelial mucus, and transform into cystic formations.

Uterine cyst - symptoms and diagnostic methods

Cervical cysts, as a rule, do not cause specific symptoms and are detected during routine gynecological examinations or during examination for an inflammatory gynecological disease. A uterine cyst is never accompanied by atypical discharge, it does not affect menstruation in any way and does not cause painful sensations. Ovuli Naboti have a characteristic appearance during external examination - small convex dots on the mucous membrane of the cervix. The diagnostic complex includes the following methods:

• Colposcopy.
• Smear from the urethral canal.
• Vaginal and cervical smear.
• In case of multiple cysts, a cervical scraping (cytology) is prescribed.
• Cervical canal scraping.
• PCR method (polymerase chain reaction) for determining bacterial, fungal, parasitic, viral infections.
• Enzyme immunoassay of blood to determine the level of immunoglobulin class G.

Uterine cyst - treatment

A uterine cyst does not disappear or cure on its own, on the contrary, it can fester, causing deforming changes in the cervix. As a rule, cysts are first subject to observation; if they activate inflammatory processes, they are removed surgically. If a uterine cyst is single and has become festering, the purulent secretion is removed by puncture. Then drug therapy is prescribed, which finally neutralizes the source of inflammation. Modern gynecological practice involves the use of cryotherapy or laser therapy. Cryodestruction uses a method of cauterizing the formation with liquid nitrogen, with the help of a laser the same procedure can be performed faster, in addition, the laser cuts off tissue damaged by inflammation and at the same time coagulates the sites of tissue excision, “welds” the vessels. In the future, supportive drug therapy and vaginal sanitation with antiseptic solutions are required. Also currently popular is the radio wave method of removing nabothian cysts, in which the healing process occurs many times faster.

If detected in time, a uterine cyst does not pose a threat to a woman's health and responds well to medication and low-trauma surgical treatment. Removing cysts does not take much time, all procedures are performed on an outpatient basis. The effectiveness of treatment depends on eliminating the cause of the cyst, completely neutralizing the source of infection, and following all medical instructions.

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