Uterine cyst

The uterine cyst is a benign formation provoked by a chronic inflammatory process that blocks the efferent function of the ducts of the glandular tissue of the uterus and the accumulation of mucus in the glands. The reason - inflammation of the cervix - cervicitis or endocervicitis. The uterine cyst is almost never malignant, that is, it does not grow into an oncology process, however, those harmful agents that accumulate and persist in the neoplasm are a source of chronic recurrent inflammation of the cervix. It turns out a vicious circle: on the one hand, cervicitis or endocervicitis provokes cyst formation, on the other, undiagnosed and untreated cystic formation activates inflammation. Also, the cyst of the uterus aggravates the course of colpitis, an inflammatory process in the mucous membrane of the vagina, provokes the development of endometritis, an inflammation of the endometrium of the uterus. In addition, cystic formations can cause persistent infertility, tubal or abdominal ectopic pregnancy, bacterial inflammation of fallopian tubes - salpingitis and many other gynecological problems.

Uterine cyst is one of the diseases that is diagnosed in 15-20% of all women aged 20 to 45 years. The uterus is generally considered to be a fairly vulnerable organ, which undergoes various infections and injuries due to its specific structure.

Why develop the cyst of the uterus?

It is more correct to call the uterus cyst a cyst of the neck or a block cyst (Ovuli Naboti). The reason - congenital false erosion of epithelial tissue, blockage of glands. More rarely, the cause may be hormonal disorders or inflammatory processes such as colpitis, salpingitis, and others. The pseudo-erosive process "hides" over time, covering itself with healthy epithelial tissue, but cysts remain and can be a source of recurrent inflammatory processes.

Structure of the uterus

Uterus - so in Latin refers to an important genital female organ, located between the bladder (behind it) and the rectum (in front of it). The uterus consists of a large part - the body, the narrow part - the neck and the upper part - the bottom. The uterus is a fairly mobile organ, since its position depends on the location and condition of nearby organs that can move it. The organ is protected by the mucous part of the cervix, which consists of a glandular cylindrical epithelium that secretes, and the inner covering of the cervix consists of a flat epithelium, it is incapable of keratinizing. When these two different tissue structures shift, the cylindrical epithelium begins to enter the zone of flat, vaginal, pseudo-erosion may develop, which in turn provokes the formation of cysts. Glands due to a constant influx of mucus and blockage of the outflow ducts gradually expand, expand, accumulate epithelial mucus, and are transformed into cystic formations.

Uterine cysts - symptoms and methods of diagnosis

Cysts of the cervix, as a rule, do not cause specific symptoms and are detected with routine gynecological examinations or when examined for an inflammatory gynecological disease. The cyst of the uterus is never accompanied by atypical discharge, it does not affect the menstruation and does not cause painful sensations. Ovuli Naboti with an external examination have a characteristic appearance - small convex points on the mucous membrane of the cervix. The diagnostic complex includes such methods: 

• Colposcopy. 
• A smear from the urethral canal. 
• Smear from the vagina and cervix. 
• With multiple cysts, a cervical scraping (cytology) is prescribed. 
• Scraping of the cervical canal. 
• PCR method (polymerase chain reaction) to determine bacterial, fungal, parasitic, viral infection. 
• Immunoenzyme study of blood to determine the level of immunoglobulins class G.

Cyst of the uterus - treatment

The cyst of the uterus does not disappear on its own and can not be cured, on the contrary, it can become inflamed, provoke deforming changes in the cervix. Typically, cysts are first to be monitored if they activate inflammatory processes, they are removed surgically. If the cyst of the uterus is single and suppurated, the purulent secret is removed by puncture. Then medication is prescribed, finally neutralizing the focus of inflammation. Modern gynecological practice involves the use of cryomethodics or laser therapy. In cryodestruction, the method of cauterization of formation with liquid nitrogen is used, with the help of a laser, the same procedure can be carried out faster, besides, the laser cuts the tissues damaged by inflammation and coagulates the places of excision of the tissue, "welds" the vessels. In the future, supportive drug therapy and sanitation of the vagina with antiseptic solutions are required. Also currently popular is the radio wave method of eliminating the set of cysts, in which the healing process occurs many times faster.

The cyst of the uterus, if detected in time, does not pose a threat to the health of the woman and is well suited to medical and minor traumatic surgical treatment. Removal of cysts does not take much time, all procedures are performed on an outpatient basis. The effectiveness of treatment depends on the elimination of the cause of cyst formation, complete neutralization of the focus of infection and compliance with all medical prescriptions.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5]