Urolithiasis diathesis

Urogenital diathesis can not be isolated into a separate disease.

It can be characterized as a borderline state, which subsequently can provoke the development of a number of diseases: gout, urolithiasis, and so on.

Epidemiology

In men, this disease progresses after forty, in women - after the establishment of menopause.

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Causes of the urolithic diathesis

The causes of urolithic diathesis may be different.

• Hereditary predisposition.
• Incorrect food intake. Abuse of products such as chocolate, meat and meat by-products, marinades, salted and smoked dishes, saturated broths, cocoa.
• Overweight.
• Sedentary lifestyle.
• Water is too hard.
• Diseases of the endocrine system.
• Condition after chemotherapy due to cancer.
• Diseases of an autoimmune nature.
• Disorders of the kidneys.
• Alcohol abuse, chronic alcoholism.
• Injury.
• Organ transplantation.
• Subcooling.
• Long-term use of a number of pharmacological drugs.

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Pathogenesis

The pathogenesis of urolithic diathesis is a violation of purine (protein) metabolism, which results in increased formation of uric acid.

A source of uric acid is a series of foods and compounds produced by the body itself. If such a product is abundant, the body ceases to cope with its cleavage and removal from the body, the outflow of urine slows down, which leads to the crystallization of these salts and the formation of sand and stones. At the same time, the structure of urine changes its chemical composition, its acidity increases, which can be observed during laboratory investigations.

The increase in the level of uric acid leads to the precipitation of urine in the form of colloidal flakes, urates and crystalline neoplasms of uric acid. The same crystals begin to settle in articular tissues, as well as organs of urination, forming into sand and stones.

Symptoms of the urolithic diathesis

Symptoms of urolithic diathesis are as follows:

• The appearance of cuts in the lower abdomen.
• Pain in the lumbosacral region.
• Frequent and painful urge to urinate.
• Urinary excretion.
• The appearance of blood traces in the urine.
• Nausea causing periodic urge to vomit.
• Impairment of appetite.
• Gradual weight loss.
• Sleep disturbance.
• There may be colic in the kidney area.  
• General weakness of the body.
• Increased excitability, irritability. Emotional instability.
• Perhaps the appearance of thirst.
• Tachycardia.
• A fever may occur.
• With a particularly severe form of pathology, convulsive syndrome and meningeal symptoms may develop (signs of irritation of the meninges).

First signs

From the moment when the renal apparatus begins to function at the limit, a person begins to feel the first signs of the disease.

1. Urination becomes painful and frequent.
2. There is an unpleasant drawing pain in the lower abdomen.
3. In the urine, you can consider cloudy flakes, sometimes - blotches of blood.

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Complications and consequences

The main effects of urolithic diathesis are the inflammation of the tissues of the organs of the excretory system, the joints - the places where the urate settles predominantly.

Complications of urolithic diathesis may attach to the development of such diseases:

• Inflammatory process affecting the organs of excretory system and musculoskeletal system.
• Formation in the kidneys of sand and stones (urolithiasis).
• Various enzymopathies.
• Urinary nephropathy.
• Development of atherosclerosis.
• Hyperuricosuria.
• Disorders of metabolic processes.
• Interstitial nephritis.
• Diseases of the cardiovascular system.
• Gout.
• Neuralgia and migraine.
• Endocrine pathologies (diabetes, obesity).
• Arthritis. Urine salts can accumulate in both the subcutaneous and in the connective layers. Hardening, they become painful. Their sizes can range from one millimeter to several centimeters.

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Diagnostics of the urolithic diathesis

Diagnosis of urolithic diathesis consists of a series of studies:

1. Interrogation of patient complaints.
2. Inspection of the patient.
3. Lab tests:

• Examination of urine.
• Blood test.
  • Ultrasonography of the kidneys and bladder.
  • If necessary, an x-ray examination can be performed.
  • If necessary, consult other specialists.
  • Differential diagnostics.

Timely volume of necessary studies allows a specialist to confirm or deny the presence of the disease in the patient's body.

Analyzes

If suspected of urolithic diathesis, laboratory tests are also prescribed.

• Urine examination, in which it can be revealed:
• The level of uric acid is higher than normal.
• Sediment in the form of crystals of uric acid.
• Increased pH acidity of urine.
• Increased formation of oxalates along with urates.
•  Blood test:
  • A general blood test, a shift of the leukocyte formula to the left, a leukocytosis, an increase in ESR, a C-reactive protein.
  • Biochemistry of blood can determine the level of urea, nitrogen and creatinine - increased characteristics of these parameters are indirect indicators of the presence of urine in the body diathesis.

[5], [6],

Instrumental diagnostics

Instrumental diagnosis, which allows to diagnose urolithic diathesis:  

1. Ultrasonography. Even in the early stages of pathological development, an experienced uzist can recognize the appearance of sand or small stones in the kidneys, urinary tracts or subcutaneous fat.
2. If necessary, an x-ray method can be used. Allows to specify the localization of pathology. Stones less than 3 mm can be recognized.
3. If the disease is already burdened by various complications, then other, additional research techniques can be prescribed.

Differential diagnosis

Differential diagnosis is performed with such diseases as gout, urolithiasis, cystitis, nephritis, pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis.

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Treatment of the urolithic diathesis

Treatment of urolithic diathesis is divided into two main stages. In the first place - symptomatic treatment aimed at reducing acute symptoms. The second stage is pathogenetic treatment.

It is also necessary to adjust the diet. It is necessary to exclude or reduce the consumption of such products:

It is necessary to reduce the share of food products of animal origin:

• Meat.
• By-products.
• Smoked meats.
• Pickles.
• Sausage products.
• Remove the rich broth from the diet.
• Fish and meat canned food.
• Reduce the amount of consumed vegetable preservation.
• Limit the consumption of dairy products.
• Give up chocolate, cocoa and coffee.
• Exclude from the diet:
  • Spinach, rhubarb, sorrel, beans.
  • Semi-finished products of industrial production. They usually have a high content of sodium chloride.
  • Tomatoes and figs.
  • Sauces.
• In this case, the amount of liquids drunk per day must be at least two liters. If the profession or lifestyle of the patient is associated with intense stresses, as well as during the heat, the volumes of fluid consumed should be increased.
• During the seizure, salt-free food is practiced.

To maintain the normal operation of metabolic processes, such patients are assigned an increase in the volume of the daily liquid, salt solutions (rehydron, hydrovit, disol, and others) are administered.

Cleansing enemas are carried out, enterosorbents are appointed. The most effective of them are enterosgel, polysorbent, lactrofiltrum, atoxyl, activated carbon.

When pain symptoms are prescribed spasmolytic drugs, pain medications: no-shpa, but-shpalgin, nova T, novagra, novalgin, novaklav.

The heat applied to the waist region is assigned. It can be a woolen shawl, a hot water bottle or taking a medicinal bath. But such procedures should be carried out very carefully, especially if the patient has a history of cardiovascular disease.

In order to accelerate the dissolution of salt conglomerates, medicines such as phytolysin, kanefron H, urolesan, cystone, rivatinex are prescribed.

Obligatory anti-inflammatory drugs: hexicon, betadine, polyginacs, mycoinssex, terzhinan.

Ureptics may be appointed. But it is worth remembering that if there are large stones in the patient's history, then diuretics are not prescribed, since if the stone moves, there is a high probability of obstruction of the urinary tract with the development of acute symptoms of renal colic.

Can be attributed to antibiotics: penicillins, kanamycin, erythromycin, levomycetin, tetracyclines and others.

All medicines must be prescribed only by a qualified technician.

With a severe clinical picture and neglected cases of illness, the attending physician can offer surgical treatment.

Medications

For normalization of metabolic processes, correction of acidosis and restoration of water-electrolyte balance, such drugs can be prescribed: neohemodez, regidron, acesol, quintazol, hydrovit, rheosorbylact, disol, Hartman's solution and others

The regidron is available in powder form. Before use, one packet of the drug should be dissolved, mixing well in one liter of boiled water at room temperature. The prepared solution should be stored for no more than a day and at a temperature of 2 ° C to 8 ° C.

The solution is taken orally, in small portions. If the patient takes this solution, then this volume should be subtracted from the daily fluid intake, which is calculated exclusively individually in each specific case.

To the contraindications of the rehydrone include violations in the work of the kidneys (moderate and severe severity), diabetes mellitus, loss of consciousness, intestinal obstruction, as well as increased individual sensitivity to the component composition of the pharmacological agent.

Assign also enterosorbents: enterosgel, lignosorb, polysorb, diosmectite, smecta, lactofiltrum, entignin, enterodez, atoxil, carbosorb, polyphepan, activated charcoal.

Enterosgel are available in the form of a gel, which is taken orally for an hour or two before or after a meal. The recommended dosage is one tablespoon three times a day, with a small amount of water. The average duration of treatment is five days.

Contraindication to the appointment of enterosgelya is the individual intolerance of one or more components of the drug, as well as intestinal obstruction.

Medicines that cleave salt conglomerates: phytolysin, kanefron H, urolesan, cystone, rivatinex.

Combined herbal preparation phytolysin is prescribed one teaspoon three times - four times during the day. Immediately before taking the necessary amount of the drug should be diluted in 100 ml of warm water. To obtain greater effectiveness, the drug should be drunk after a meal. The duration of treatment is from two to six weeks. If necessary, after a break, the course of therapy can be repeated.

Contra-indications of phytolysin include increased individual intolerance of one or more components of the drug, as well as if the patient has an acute nephritis, cardiac or renal dysfunction in the patient's history.

In the event of pain attacks, the patient is prescribed spasmolytic drugs, anesthetic drugs: spasmmonitis, no-shpa, spakovin, verodroverin, no-shpalgin, Nosh-bras, new T, spasmol, novagra, novalgin, novaglav.

A strong antispasmodic no-spa, depending on the nature and intensity of pain, can be prescribed in a dosage of 0.12-0.24 g, which corresponds to three to six tablets divided into several doses. At the same time, no more than 80 mg of active ingredient drotaverine can be taken. 

No-spine is not allowed to be taken if the patient has an individual intolerance to one or more of the constituents of the medicine, as well as with cardiac, hepatic or renal dysfunctions.

Alternative treatment

Alternative treatment of urolithic diathesis shows very good results, but only if treatment is carried out at early stages of the disease. Can be used as an auxiliary technique in later stages of the disease.

Virtually all recipes used in the treatment of urine acid diathesis use herbs that are effective in stopping the inflammatory process, are able to fight infectious tissue damage, have diuretic properties, improve the excretion of uric acid and sand from the excretory system. In some cases, alternative drugs can contribute to the cleavage of small stones.

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Herbal Treatment

Treatment with herbs can bring quite tangible help in solving the problem of urolithic diathesis. Here are some effective recipes based on herbs:

Recipe # 1

1. It takes five to six leaves of grapes (cultural, not wild). Raw materials should be washed thoroughly and rid of petioles.
2. Take the glass jar and place down the grape raw materials. Top 175 ml of only boiling water.
3. Place in a water bath and keep on fire for five to seven minutes.
4. Infusion set aside and wait until it has cooled to room temperature and drain.
5. The most expected result is obtained by taking a decoction of half the dose received, immediately after a meal three times a day.

Recipe No. 2

1. Prepare the collection by taking: nettle nettle - one share, a thousand-centimeter - two shares, yarrow - two shares. Ingredients mix well.
2. Pour them with cold boiled or purified water. Put on the stove and from the moment of boiling to sustain ten minutes.
3. Set aside on the side and let it brew for 12 hours.
4. Composition wring out. The medicine is ready. It can be taken.

Recipe # 3

1. We prepare the phytosbores, which consists of a gold-bearing plant - three parts, corn stigmas - three parts, grass spores - two lobes, celandine - three lobes, leaves of barberry - two lobes.
2. The herbal composition should be introduced into cold boiled or purified water and transferred to a fire.
3. Boil for 15 minutes. Leave to cool, then drain.
4. Use throughout the day in small portions before eating.

Recipe No. 4

1. You need a table spoon of dried black currant fruit , which should be covered in a thermos bottle. There also pour a glass of steep boiling water.
2. Seal the thermos and leave for a couple of hours to insist.
3. Dissolve the liquid, squeeze the cake.
4. The intake of this medication does not depend on the time of ingestion. It should be drunk twice - three times a day.

Recipe No. 5

1. We are preparing a phytocoel, which consists of violet grass - one share, nettle leaves - two lobes, cherry stems - one share, arnica flowers - two lobes.
2. These ingredients should be mixed and combined with freshly boiled water.
3. Leave to stand and cool for a while. The composition must be filtered to remove the cake.
4. Drink throughout the day in small portions before meals.

Homeopathy

With the diagnosis of urolithic diathesis, homeopathy is able to offer such drugs:

Aloe Vera Concentrate with cranberries, which take 30-40 drops three times during the day, previously diluting 50 ml of water. It is recommended to drink the drug in the interval between meals.

Complex of Strong Enzymes "Evalar" is taken one tablet twice a day during meals. The duration of treatment is a month and a half.

Vitalin is administered orally, on the capsule twice a day.

Magnum A is taken one by one, once a day.

Can also be prescribed: acidum benzoicum, bryonia, camphor, balladonna, lyazeis, calcaea carbonica, aloe, causticum, asparagus, acidum nitrikum atsidum oxalicum, acidum phosphoricum, arnica, china, equisetum, cantharis, berberis, calcaria phosphoric, dioscorea, coccus kakti, lycopodium and many others.

Operative treatment

Operative treatment can be prescribed in severe form of the flow of urolithic diathesis, when therapeutic measures are no longer effective.

Modern medicine uses the technique of crushing stones (for example, lithotripsy). But as practice shows, even after the removal of formations, the possibility of their re-formation.

To prevent radical measures, it is necessary to treat the disease at an early stage.

Prevention

The prevention of this disease can be indicated by several points:

1. Restriction in the diet of foods that have a high content of oxalic acid.
2. It is necessary to contact a specialist in a timely manner with a suspicion of any violation of the urinary system and cure it until full recovery.
3. To lead a healthy lifestyle (quitting smoking, limiting the use of alcohol).
4. Avoid hypodynamia and hypothermia.
5. Regular, at least once a year, the passage of preventive examination by key specialists, including the urologist.

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Forecast

It all depends on how sick the patient early turned to the doctor for help, and how soon the therapy was performed. Basically, the prognosis of urolithic diathesis is favorable.

Modern life is filled with a lot of culinary temptations and a person, sometimes, does not even think about what and how much he eats. Therefore, urolithic diathesis is a scourge of modern people. In one degree or another, it is present in almost all residents over the age of forty, but, regrettably, the youth are catching up with this statistics. Therefore, before it's too late, revise your diet. It is enough to correct it a little to significantly reduce the likelihood of pathology.

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