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Ultrasound signs of periarticular pathology
Last reviewed: 19.10.2021
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Bursits.
Occur due to inflammation of the bag or frequent microtraumatism. The contents of bags at large sizes can cause compression, discomfort, soreness. As a result, this leads to a restriction of movement. Clinically, bursitis manifests itself as a volume formation. Bursitis must be differentiated from inguinal and femoral hernia, hematoma, femoral artery aneurysm, arterio-venous fistula, lymphocele, lymphadenopathy, thrombophlebitis, abscess, lymph node metastases, tumors and other pathological processes.
Ilio-lumbar bursitis. It can reach huge sizes up to a small spit in a small pelvis below the inguinal ligament, anterior to the bosom. Large bursitis is easier to explore in panoramic scanning mode. With old bursitis, the contents become fermented and become dense, its echogenicity rises.
Complications are rare, but cases of rupture and infection of joint bags are described.
The bursitis is bony. It is manifested by the accumulation of fluid in the gap above the large trochanter.
With the accumulation of fluid between the ischial tuberosus and the gluteus maximus, there is a sciatic-breech bursitis, which may be the cause of pain in the gluteal region. Echographic manifestations are similar to those described above.
Muscle ruptures, muscle injuries, ruptures of tendons and ligaments.
Traumatic injuries in the hip are less common than in the knee and shoulder joints. In the case of an automobile accident, the rectus muscle of the thigh is more often damaged. Athletes often have microtraumas of the rectus thigh muscles. Pain in the symphysis area in soccer players is often associated with stretching or rupturing of adductor muscles that attach to the pubic bones.
Hematomas of the hip and gluteal region.
The subcutaneous fat layer on the thigh and buttocks is usually well pronounced. The fiber of this region contains few connective tissue membranes and is relatively loosely associated with the fascia, so thigh and buttock blows relatively easily cause hematomas both in the thickness of the cellulose and in the subfascial space.
Hematomas can reach large sizes, especially if the blow fell on a tangent.
In ultrasound examination, it is necessary to assess the size and depth of the hematoma to determine the best site for evacuation of the contents during puncture.
Anomalies of development.
The most common abnormalities include dysplasia of the hip joint, which is easily diagnosed in newborns and in the first 3-6 months after birth.
With correct correction, there will rarely be any deviations later.
In the absence of proper correction, a hip displacement and a false acetabulum formation may occur. At the same time there is an asymmetry in the formation of the femur in comparison with a healthy limb.