Thyroid auto-antibodies in the blood
Last reviewed: 18.10.2021
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In healthy people, thyroid antimicrobial antibodies do not reveal.
The determination of antibodies to the microsomal fraction of the thyroid gland is used to diagnose autoimmune thyroiditis and hypothyroidism, in which the level of antibodies in the blood rises. Antibodies to thyroid microsomes form immune complexes on the cell surface, activate complement and cytotoxic lymphocytes, which leads to cell destruction and the formation of an inflammatory process in the thyroid gland.
Autoantibodies in thyroiditis are organ-specific. Their level correlates with the severity of the inflammatory process and can be used as a prognostic sign. Under the influence of effective therapy, the antibody titer decreases, but is not restored to normal due to impaired immunoregulation. With thyroiditis, activating antibodies can be formed that enhance the function of the gland by blocking thyrotropic receptors. Their fixation on TSH receptors causes abnormal cellular activation, which leads to hyperthyroidism.
Thyroidmicrosomal autoantibodies appear with Hashimoto thyroiditis, hypothyroidism, Graves' disease, Thyroid cancer, thyrotoxicosis, after thyroid surgery, reception of radioactive iodine preparations, pernicious anemia, Schmidt syndrome, collagenoses.