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Inferior vena cava scanning technique
Last reviewed: 04.07.2025
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The examination is usually performed with the patient holding their breath while taking a deep breath or breathing calmly. Breathing should be held if there is any suspicion of pathology.
Longitudinal and transverse sections are usually performed. When the organ is screened by intestinal gases, oblique or lateral sections are made. In some cases, the examination is performed with the patient standing.
In longitudinal sections, the length and diameter of the inferior vena cava are determined, which is visualized as tubular fluid containing structures to the right of the aorta. In transverse sections, the diameter of the vessel at different levels is determined.
Begin the examination by placing the transducer in the upper abdomen (under the xiphoid process). Tilt the transducer to the right until the inferior vena cava is visualized to the right of the spine.
When the patient holds his breath during a deep inhalation, the inferior vena cava expands and is seen more clearly. Then re-examine the inferior vena cava during active breathing: the vessel wall is thin, smooth, and less echogenic than that of the nearby aorta. The inferior vena cava appears very contrasting compared to the surrounding tissues.