Strong allergy: types and what to do?

A strong allergy is a more common name for acute allergic conditions, as the attacks of bronchial asthma caused by allergy, anaphylactic shock, stenosis-narrowing of the trachea and larynx, urticaria, Quincke's edema, acute allergic conjunctivitis and rhinitis are indicated in clinical practice.

Despite the long history of the disease, many years of studying the factors of its provoking, real counteraction from modern medicine, the allergy does not meet until now. Efforts of physicians, unquestionably, bring results, however, allergies every year becomes more and more, and a strong allergy or, more precisely, acute conditions continue to be fixed by inexorable statistics. According to the statistical information, almost every tenth inhabitant of the planet suffers from one or another form of allergy, and the number of allergens has doubled in the last twenty years. The main "provocateurs" of acute allergic reactions are pollen, epidermal, food, inhalation, medicinal, parasitic allergens. Most recently, a list of factors that cause allergies, replenished with a new substance - latex.

A strong allergy is an acute, rapid immune reaction, a conflict. In clinical practice, the reaction is divided into four categories, three of which are considered the most dangerous. The degree of symptomatology depends on the state of the immune system, if it is weakened, a strong allergy is almost inevitable. The allergy does not know the age, social and sexual boundaries and can debut at the age from birth to old age. The most susceptible to allergies are those who have a hereditary factor. So, if one of the parents had a severe allergy, an acute reaction to the allergen, most likely the child will also be allergic, but it is likely that the disease can take a more erased form. The most dangerous is the type of allergic reaction, which is called an immediate reaction, when the immune response develops very intensively, literally in a matter of minutes.

[1], [2], [3], [4]

Types of severe allergies

Toxicodermia of allergic etiology

This is one of the types of drug allergy, which is most often manifested dermally, that is, in the form of skin rashes. A rash may appear in the area of drug administration if it is administered by injection. If the drug is in tablet form, skin rashes tend to be diffuse, common. The most dangerous form of toxicodermia is the exfoliative manifestation of dermatitis, in which the water-salt balance changes, the upper layers of the epidermis begin to peel, the level of protein compounds in the blood drops significantly, the infection joins. One of the most threatening complications of toxicodermia is necrolysis syndrome or Lyell syndrome. This acute necrotic disease, which provokes a strong allergy, and a common poisoning of the body.

With necrolysis, the skin goes off in huge chunks, and the lower layers die off. This condition is provoked, as a rule, sulfanilamide preparations, less often - a group of penicillins, erythromycins and tetracyclines. A severe allergy of this type can develop within a few hours, most often necrosis syndrome is susceptible to allergic individuals with a genetic predisposition to acute allergic reactions.

First aid is the immediate administration of antihistamines such as calcium gluconate and calcium chloride intravenously, the appointment of large doses of hormonal drugs (prednisolone) is mandatory. To reduce intoxication helps to drip the introduction of rheosorbylacta, haemodesis. A patient with Lyell syndrome and other forms of toxicodermia must be hospitalized. 

Acute anaphylactic reaction

A strong allergy may also be manifested by anaphylactic shock, a systemic reaction thought to be life threatening. Arterial pressure is rapidly falling, consciousness is broken, convulsions begin and the activity of the heart stops. Anaphylaxis can cause a drug allergen, intoxication with chemicals, a bite of a poisonous animal or an insect, and blood transfusion. In the initial stage, a strong allergy is manifested by flushing of the skin, a sensation of heat in the limbs, edema of the face and itching, hives, increased tear. If the measures are not taken in a timely manner, the reaction develops rapidly, right up to the Quincke's edema, when the larynx is swollen and breathing becomes difficult. A man is sick, his head is spinning. The most severe form of anaphylactic reaction is shock, which occurs suddenly, accompanied by cyanosis of the skin, a sharp decrease in pressure, a threadlike pulse, swelling of the throat, lungs, urination, often - cardiac arrest and brain edema.

The first help in anaphylactic reaction is a clear algorithm of actions. Immediately call an ambulance, and before her arrival put allergic, giving him a horizontal position, slightly raising his legs. If possible, wrap the patient with warm blankets, turn the head so that vomiting does not get into the nose and throat, does not block the breath. Also it is necessary to provide fresh air in the room with the help of ventilation. If anaphylaxis is caused by a bite and poison ingested into the blood, cold should be applied to the wound, and a place above the bite should be tightened with a bandage or a tourniquet. This will help slow the spread of toxins through the body. If the patient is poisoned by food or medications that caused an allergic reaction, before the doctors arrive, rinse the stomach with a weak (pale pink) solution of potassium permanganate or induce vomiting. All these actions are possible only if the person is conscious.

In an inpatient setting, allergies are usually restored to cardiac activity by administering dopamine or adrenaline, reducing the allergic reaction with prednisolone or another hormone drug. To normalize the respiratory activity is introduced eufillin, especially severe conditions associated with swelling of the bronchopulmonary system, require intubation. In the future, standard antihistamine therapy is carried out in conjunction with treatment aimed at restoring the functions of the affected organs and systems. A severe allergy in the form of anaphylactic shock is a deadly manifestation of a disease that can develop in a matter of minutes. Therefore, it is important not to miss the first signals that indicate the development of anaphylaxis.

[5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11]

What if there is a severe allergy?

A severe allergy, acute allergic condition is a dangerous manifestation of the disease, which, as a rule, requires immediate action from both the allergic person and the people around him. At the slightest alarming symptoms listed above, you need to call an ambulance, especially when it comes to the health of the child. If assistance is provided in a timely manner, the threat of life-threatening consequences is minimized. In the future, a person suffering from allergies should be excluded from contact with a provoking factor, undergo antihistamine therapy and be attentive to the symptoms and manifestations of the immune system, since a strong allergy is capable of recurrence.