Sodium in urine

Sodium in urine is an indicator of the normal or altered water balance in the body. Any deviation from the normal level that "demonstrates" potassium in the urine signals about its lack or overabundance. The main reason for the violation of sodium metabolism is a sharp decrease in circulating blood flow (hypovolemia). That in turn can lead not only to pathology and damage to internal systems and organs, but to end very badly. Hypovolemia is the result of acute or chronic dehydration, internal or external bleeding, and it can be caused by extensive burns and the taking of certain medications.

Sodium is an active cation that acts in the extracellular fluid, providing a membrane bioelectric potential. Also, sodium participates in the stabilization of osmotic pressure, and therefore indirectly regulates blood pressure in combination with other important elements and substances.

Sodium in urine is checked when the diagnoses of such diseases are specified and the following processes are controlled: 

• Monitoring of the intake of diuretic drugs; 
• Diagnosis of kidney pathology; 
• Adjustment of dietary nutrition; 
• Diagnosis of diabetes; 
• Diagnosis of the adrenal gland; 
• Assessment of the condition with CCT (craniocerebral trauma).

Sodium in urine is tested against a background of a "clean" diet, that is, it is possible to exclude as far as possible a maximum of medicines, except for the vital ones. It is extremely important to exclude any diuretics, and, if this is not possible, take this factor into account when interpreting the results of the analysis.

The sodium in the urine should normally be: 

• Babies up to one year - 1-10 mmol / day; 
• Children from one to seven years - 10-60 mmol / day; 
• Children from seven years to 14 - 40-165-170 mmol / day; 
• Older than 14 years - 130-260 mmol / day.

Sodium can increase in urine with the following diseases and conditions: 

• Salt overload in the diet; 
• Diuresis is postmenstrual, which is not considered pathology; 
• Insufficient work of the adrenal glands (independent or secondary); 
• Chronic nephritis (with loss of salts); 
• Prolonged intake of diuretic drugs; 
• Diabetes mellitus, both I-th and II-th type; 
• Alcoholism.

Sodium in urine may be below the accepted limits in the following cases:

• Salty zeta;
• Premenstrual syndrome;
• After surgery;
• Diarrhea;
• Excessive, abnormal sweating.

Sodium in urine should be less by 0.3gram than that of sodium, which comes from outside with food. The material is collected by urine during the day, which is stored in a special room or in the refrigerator. The method of collecting the material is standard: the first urine is disposed of and can not be analyzed, then the urine is collected and stored, including a dose the next morning. To interpret the analysis, which determines sodium in the urine, it must be taken into account that the withdrawal of sodium depends on the hormonal activity of the adrenal glands, as well as the proportion of the pituitary gland. If these organs function normally, the sodium in the urine is released evenly, regardless of the time of day. Potassium is highly active in the morning. The ratio of potassium and sodium is very important for diagnosis, since it shows the work of the hormonal system and the pituitary gland.

Sodium in urine is also advisable to evaluate together with biochemical analysis of serum, since sodium itself is a threshold substance, at high concentrations it is actively released into the blood.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5]