Skin neuroma: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Neuroma of the skin is a tumor-like growth of nerve tissue. There are traumatic, idiopathic (solitary or multiple) and multiple neuroma of the mucous membranes. The latter is the result of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 26. Traumatic, or amputation, neuroma is not a true tumor, but a post-traumatic hyperregeneration of nerves.

Idiopathic neuroma of the skin is rare and can be solitary or multiple. Solitary neuroma occurs in early childhood or in adults, and multiple neuroma occurs in adults. It can be only on the skin or combined with neuromas of the oral mucosa. These types of neuromas are painless.

Multiple mucosal neuroma is an expression of the syndrome of multiple endocrine neoplasia described by RJ Gorlin et al. (1968). It is inherited autosomal dominantly and appears in early childhood as small nodules in the oral cavity. Sometimes the sclera and the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract are affected.

Pathomorphology. All the above-described types of neuroma have the same histological picture. The dermis contains a large number of randomly located bundles of nerve fibers and significant proliferation of connective tissue. Nerves of various calibers are revealed, which in places form conglomerates in the form of balls. Electron microscopy in neuromas revealed numerous nerve fibers containing both myelinated and unmyelinated axons and neurolemmocytes. The nerve fibers are surrounded by several layers of perineural cells, with which collagen fibers are in close contact.

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