Sarcoma of the tongue and oral cavity

Sarcoma of the oral cavity is a group of malignant tumors that can be localized in different parts of the oral cavity, affecting the cheeks, tongue, palate, blood vessels. According to the international classification of diseases ICD-10, sarcoma of the oral cavity includes:

• C00 Malignant neoplasm of lip.
• C01 Malignant neoplasms of base of tongue.
• C02 Malignant neoplasm of other and unspecified parts of tongue.
• C03 Malignant neoplasm of gingiva.
• C04 Malignant neoplasm of floor of mouth.
• C05 Malignant neoplasm of palate.
• C06 Malignant neoplasm of other and unspecified parts of mouth.
• C07 Malignant neoplasm of parotid gland.
• C08 Malignant neoplasm of other and unspecified major salivary glands.
• C09 Malignant neoplasm of tonsil.

Oral sarcoma most often affects the sides of the tongue, the back of the soft palate, and the floor of the mouth. Sarcomas on the tongue and floor of the mouth are squamous cell carcinomas. Kaposi's sarcoma most often develops on the palate. The neoplasm is a lesion of the blood vessels that pass near the upper layer of cells, i.e. the epithelium (most often occurs in patients with AIDS).

More than five thousand people die annually from oral cavity tumors. Malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity are 4% of all malignant lesions in men and 2% in women. The main causes of the disease are smoking, HSV carriage, and alcohol. Symptoms of the disease are painful non-healing ulcers of the mucous membrane, enlarged cervical lymph nodes, and dysphagia. Oral cavity sarcoma is diagnosed using X-ray of the lower jaw. The tumor metastasizes in 50% of cases and recurs in 30%.

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Sarcoma of the tongue

Sarcoma of the tongue is the most common tumor of the oral cavity, which is localized on the lateral parts, root and back of the tongue. Most often, men over 50 years of age suffer from the disease. The tumor may have hard, raised edges, warty growths and plaques. The origin of some types of tongue sarcomas has not been studied to this day. There are a number of factors that can lead to a malignant tumor of the tongue:

• Smoking and alcohol abuse.
• Chronic viral infections.
• Immunodeficiency states.
• Genetic predisposition.
• Poor oral hygiene.
• Contact with harmful industrial factors.
• Long-term wearing of poorly fitting dentures.

The symptoms of the disease depend on the stage of development of the sarcoma. As a rule, these are ulcers on the mucous membrane, swelling of the tongue, swelling of the face, pain when swallowing, white plaque in the oral cavity. Sarcoma of the tongue is diagnosed only after a thorough examination, palpation, cytological and histological studies.