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Internist infectious disease

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Prevention of typhoid fever

Alexey Portnov, medical expert
Last reviewed: 19.11.2021

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Specific prophylaxis of typhoid fever

According to epidemiological indications (incidence of more than 25 per 100 thousand of population, departure to countries with high incidence, constant contact with the carrier in conditions conducive to infection) vaccination against typhoid is carried out with typhoid fever vaccine (typhivac). The vaccine is used at the age of 15-55 years. Subcutaneously in a dose of 0.5 ml, the second inoculation after 1 month in a dose of 1 ml, revaccination after 2 years in a dose of 1 ml. From the age of 3, the typhoid fever Vi-polysaccharide liquid (vianwak) is administered in a dose of 0.5 ml subcutaneously once. Revaccination in the same dose after 3 years.

Nonspecific prophylaxis of typhoid fever

Nonspecific prophylaxis of typhoid fever includes control over water supply, disinfection of drinking water, disinfection of sewage, adherence to rules for cooking, storing and selling food products, observing personal hygiene, sanitation with the population, improvement of residential areas. Workers of food enterprises, children's institutions are examined at the time of their entry to work, in order to timely identify carrier (bacteriological study of feces, RPGA with O- and Vi-diagnosticums).

In the focus of typhoid fever, an epidemiological survey is conducted to identify the source of the pathogen and transmission factors. For each case of the disease, an emergency notification is sent to the Sanitary and Epidemic Inspection. Patients are hospitalized. The focal point is the final disinfection. Contact persons are monitored for 21 days, they are examined for bacteriocarrier. Workers of food and children's institutions, as well as children attending them, are not allowed in them until the results of the survey are obtained (bacteriological study of stool, RPGA with Vi-antigen).

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