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Prevention of typhoid fever
Last reviewed: 04.07.2025
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Specific prevention of typhoid fever
According to epidemiological indications (morbidity above 25 per 100 thousand population, travel to countries with high morbidity, constant contact with a carrier of the bacteria in conditions conducive to infection), vaccination against typhoid fever is carried out with typhoid alcohol dry vaccine (tifivak). The vaccine is used at the age of 15-55 years. It is administered subcutaneously in a dose of 0.5 ml, the second vaccination after 1 month in a dose of 1 ml, revaccination after 2 years in a dose of 1 ml. From the age of 3, typhoid fever vaccine Vi-polysaccharide liquid (vianvac) is used in a dose of 0.5 ml subcutaneously once. Revaccination in the same dose after 3 years.
Non-specific prophylaxis of typhoid fever
Non-specific prevention of typhoid fever includes control over water supply, disinfection of drinking water, disinfection of waste water, compliance with the rules for the preparation, storage and sale of food products, personal hygiene, health education work with the population, and improvement of living spaces. Workers of food enterprises and children's institutions are examined upon employment in order to promptly identify carriage (bacteriological examination of feces, RPGA with O- and Vi-diagnostics).
An epidemiological survey is conducted in the typhoid fever outbreak to identify the source of the pathogen and transmission factors. An emergency notification is sent to the Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance authorities for each case of the disease. Patients are hospitalized. Final disinfection is carried out in the outbreak. Contact persons are monitored for 21 days and tested for bacterial carriage. Workers in food and child care facilities, as well as children visiting them, are not allowed into them until the results of the examination are received (bacteriological examination of feces, RPGA with Vi-antigen).