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Prevention of pneumococcal infection
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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For the prevention of pneumococcal infection, it is proposed to introduce polyvalent polysaccharide vaccine pneumo-23 from Sanofi Pasteur (France), which represents a mixture of purified capsular polysaccharides of the 23 most common serotypes of pneumococcus. One dose of this vaccine contains 25 micrograms of each type of polysaccharide, as well as isotonic sodium chloride solution and 1.25 mg of phenol as a preservative. Other impurities do not contain the vaccine. It is recommended to inject to children at risk of pneumococcal infection older than 2 years, which include children with immunodeficiency, aspiration, sickle cell anemia, nephritic syndrome, hemoglobinopathies. Vaccination from pneumococcal infection is administered once in a dose of 0.5 ml subcutaneously or intramuscularly. This vaccine has a high immunogenicity and rarely causes adverse reactions. The duration of postvaccinal immunity is not exactly established, but antibodies in the blood after vaccination persist up to 10 years. Contraindications to the introduction of pneumococcal vaccine - a hypersensitivity to the constituent components of the vaccine.
Children with immunodeficiency status in case of contact with a patient with pneumococcal infection can enter human immunoglobulin normal at 0.2 ml / kg intramuscularly, bacterial lysates IRS 19, imudon, etc. These preparations for topical application have pronounced immunogenic properties. Local immunological effects of IRS 19 and imudon are known: an increase in the number of immunocompetent cells in the mucosa; induction of specific secretory antibodies of class A (slgA); formation of a protective film of slgA on the surface of the mucosa; a change in the content of the C3 complement component, which affects the bactericidal activity of saliva, an increase in the activity of alveolar and peritoneal macrophages.
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