Poisoning with pale toadstool

Poisoning pale toadstool occurs solely through the fault or inattention of the person himself. During the collection of mushrooms, it is often possible to confuse grebes with champignons, as well as russula. This is due to ignorance of the difference between them. Often such a problem visits inexperienced mushroom pickers. Such a mistake can cost a person's life. Therefore, without specific experience, it is prohibited to collect, let alone use unknown fungi.

ICD-10 code

The code for the international classification of diseases ICD-10 includes and poisoning with fungi, here it is indicated under the number T62.0. There are many sub-points of this phenomenon. Classification includes not only poisoning with mushrooms, but also poisonous berries, plants and certain products.

S00-T98 Trauma, poisoning and some other effects of external causes. T51-T65 Toxic effect of substances, mainly non-medical use. T66-T78 Other and non-extrinsic effects of external causes. T62 Toxic effect of other toxic substances contained in eaten foods

T62.0 In the eaten mushrooms (Poisoning mushrooms). T62.1 In the eaten berries. T62.2 In the other (s) eaten plant (s). T62.8 Other toxic substances contained in foods eaten.

T62.9 Toxic substances in foodstuffs not specified. T62 Toxic effect of other toxic substances contained in eaten foods.

Symptoms of poisoning pale toadstool

The initial manifestation occurs for the first time 8-21 hours after the use of the "product". The phase of acute gastroenteritis is characterized by the appearance of a sharp attack of vomiting, and it bears an indomitable character. After a few hours, enteritis is added to it. The chair is plentiful, offensive. Often there is an impurity of the shelter. A person can visit the toilet up to 25 times a day.

There is no increase in temperature. Dehydration of the body begins very quickly, as does hypysalemia. The blood thickens, eventually oliguria joins it. The level of urea is greatly increased.

On the second day, from the moment the poisoning developed, the activity of transaminase increased. The increase in ALT persists for a long time. After about a week, the symptomatology disappears. There is jaundice, which is characterized by varying degrees of severity. A person has hemoptysis, bloody vomiting, bleeding of varying severity. In the acute phase, kidney failure develops. Without special treatment, there is a fatal outcome. It occurs in almost 50% of all cases.

First signs

The first symptomatology begins to manifest itself within 2 hours. Usually, this is typical for the more "weak" in the action of fungi. If the first symptoms arose in 6-20 hours - the situation is complicated. Most likely, the problem was caused by the consumption of pale toadstool or fly agaric. It is very dangerous.

Since the beginning of the person begin to pester headaches, which drastically flow into nausea. After that, there is profuse vomiting, a stiff chair and severe pain in the abdomen. If the poisoning is very severe, then a sudden visual impairment, as well as loss of voice, is possible. Due to severe dehydration, a person is constantly thirsty. There is abundant sweating, convulsions, pulse hardly probes.

Over time, limbs begin to grow colder, the skin becomes bluish. The temperature does not rise, but on the contrary decreases to 35 degrees. It is very important to help a person on time, otherwise there is a possibility of a lethal outcome.

[1]

Consequences and complications

Poison poisoning occurs after it has been eaten. This is a very poisonous mushroom, and the danger is not, only his body, but also controversy. The latter have one feature - carried by the wind. This allows them to settle on plants that are within a radius of three meters. Therefore, it is important to treat all the berries used in the forest in a special way. The same applies to mushrooms. In an amicable way, it is forbidden to collect crops near pale grebes at all.

After the poison enters the body, its effect does not develop immediately. A person does not feel any symptoms until a day. No signs are present, the mushroom picker is pleased with the harvest. This and dangerous pale toadstool. Before the first symptoms begin to appear, the body will already be irreparably damaged. In order for the dose to become lethal, it is sufficient to eat 30 mg of fungus. The grebe has a pleasant taste, so it is almost impossible to distinguish it from edible mushrooms. Its poisons can not be digested in the stomach, they can be eliminated only by prolonged heat treatment, drying or freezing.

As part of the toadstool there is a dangerous toxin - amanitine. It is he who negatively affects the kidneys, liver and central nervous system. Also, the toxin affects the heart muscle. The consequence of the use of fungi can only be a fatal outcome.

Poisoning pale toadstool is very dangerous. So, the body gets toxins, which ways to cause a person irreparable harm. The whole danger lies in the fact that the first symptomatology begins to manifest itself not earlier than 6 hours, sometimes this period reaches one and a half days. During this time in the body there are changes, there is a defeat of vital organs. Therefore, first aid for poisoning is necessary, and most importantly qualified. After all, this determines the fate of man. In almost 50% of cases, everything ends in a lethal outcome.

To complications are not comprehended, it is necessary to follow the collected mushrooms. If there are doubts, then you do not need to put the crop in the basket. It is not worth collecting anything near a pale toadstool. After all, disputes from it can fly away in the wind and strike everyone in the district.

Mindfulness and timely response to the emerging symptoms can save a person's life. Do not try to deal with the problem yourself. Here we need qualified medical help.

[2], [3], [4], [5], [6]

Diagnostics

To date, there are several basic methods of diagnosis. So, the general course of measures includes clinical, instrumental, toxicological and pathomorphological diagnostics.

Clinical diagnosis. At this stage, the doctor simply examines the patient, listens to his complaints, collects a complete history. It is important at this stage to talk about what food was eaten and how the symptom is manifested.

Instrumental diagnostics. It can include a specific study of the patient. Usually the work of the brain is examined, information about hourly diuresis, hemodynamics of the small circle of circulation is collected. Sometimes the patient is referred to other types of examination.

Toxicological diagnostics. This method allows you to determine the quantitative and qualitative composition of the toxic substances that penetrated the human body. When carrying out nonspecific biochemical studies, it is possible to give an accurate estimate of the effect that toxin has on the body. How does it affect the liver, kidneys, and other important organs and systems.

Pathomorphological diagnostics. This method is applicable only in the event that a lethal outcome occurred. A forensic medical examination is carried out, on the basis of which it is determined, for what reasons, death occurred. It also identifies the substances that led to this process.

[7], [8], [9]

Analyzes

To determine the poisoning of pale toadstool, it is not necessary to take any tests. As additional diagnostic measures a person may be asked to take a blood and urine test. Usually, all the symptoms are on the face. The presence of serious poisoning can be determined by only one feature.

The only thing that a person can take is a sample of vomit to determine the substance or toxin that caused this condition. Usually, when symptoms occur, the victims themselves describe their condition, and tell what foods were eaten. Naturally, without precise data on the toxin, it is difficult to prescribe the treatment. Therefore, the study and identification of toxins play an important role.

First, the first emergency is provided to a person, starting from his descriptions and symptoms. Then a detailed study of the "secretions" is already conducted. After all, there should be no mistakes, the consequences of poisoning pale toadstool are burdensome.

[10], [11], [12], [13]

Instrumental diagnostics

Methods of diagnosis, or rather their complex varies depending on the medical institution and the severity of the patient's condition. Much depends on the level of the hospital, its equipment with special equipment for monitoring the patient's condition.

In any case, the doctor must know what the patient is complaining about, what symptomatology he is harassing and how long it has appeared. There is a complete history. It is important to know how the brain works, whether there are deviations in the functionality of other organs.

Usually, when determining the poisoning, do not use any methods. Everything is clear and so, on the symptoms and complaints of the patient. Therefore it is important to collect all the information and not to miss the key points. Speed will not only eliminate unpleasant symptoms, but also save the life of the patient. Pale toadstool can hit many important organs and systems. Naturally, the process can be irreversible and everything will end in a lethal outcome.

Differential diagnostics

When poisoning pale toadstool, a person begins to pester excessive dryness in the mouth. This is due to the strong dehydration of the body. A voice may disappear, psychomotor agitation may appear. If the condition is comatose, then the rhythm of breathing and shortness of breath can not be ruled out. The main differential signs of poisoning include the appearance of various kinds of symptoms. Usually it all starts with a headache and is accompanied by nausea, profuse vomiting and bowel disorder.

At occurrence of such symptomatology, the doctor should collect all data concerning products which were used recently. After all, they can contain microorganisms, leading to such manifestations. Laboratory tests can fully confirm the diagnosis. It is necessary to carry out a bacteriological study of the material that was obtained from the patient. In this case, we mean vomiting, urine, blood.

The presence of a problem can be detected by carrying out a biotoxic test. The patient's blood is simply injected into the experimental animal and closely monitored. This method is not widely welcomed, because it implies mockery of the mouse.

Sowing can be conducted to isolate botulinum microorganisms. True, it takes a lot of time, which is unacceptable. A person needs to give first aid immediately. Usually such an analysis is sent to the laboratory for diagnosis, and in the meantime the patient's treatment continues.

[14], [15], [16]

Treatment of poisoning with pale toadstool

After the first aid is provided to the person, the victim is sent to the hospital to diagnose his condition. It is important to check the efficiency of all organs and determine the methods of inpatient treatment. The victim should be escorted to the point of medical care, because it will be difficult for him to do it himself. It is desirable that the person had samples of fungi for diagnosis, as well as the contents of vomiting. This will identify the toxin that caused this condition. All family members of the victim must undergo the examination.

If the diagnosis has confirmed the fact of poisoning with pale toadstool, appropriate treatment is prescribed. Usually it includes gastric lavage, the use of special antidotes to amanitine and phalloidin, blood purification and the treatment of exotoxic shock. If the treatment was started on time and the main organs did not have time to refuse, the person has a chance for a full recovery. More details about the medicines used for treatment will be discussed below.

The first help in poisoning pale toadstool

At the first symptoms of poisoning, you should immediately consult a doctor, it is advisable to call an ambulance. After all, in most cases, qualified medical care is needed. Before the doctor comes, you need to give the person first aid. This will significantly protect his life and reduce the risk of serious consequences.

The first thing a person needs to do is rinsing the stomach. To do this, the victim must drink 6 glasses of liquid. It is desirable that it is a weak solution of potassium permanganate. In a glass of water, you can add a tablespoon of salt.

After the victim has drunk the necessary amount of fluid, it is necessary to induce vomiting. To do this, use two fingers to press the tongue. It is advisable to take also activated charcoal. White clay is also suitable. Then something warm is applied to the legs and stomach of the victim. Remnants of vomit to destroy completely is not necessary, because thanks to him you can diagnose the cause of poisoning.

When the stomach is washed, appropriate treatment should be used. It is assigned directly by a specialist and completely depends on the fungus, which was all caused. Do not try to cope with the poisoning yourself, it can only aggravate the situation. The necessary qualified help.

Medications

To eliminate all the symptoms caused by poisoning pale toadstool, it is necessary to use only proven and effective medications. The success of treatment depends on how quickly the symptoms showed themselves. Because the poisons of pale toadstool quickly penetrate into many organs and systems.

The main goal of therapy is to combat severe fluid losses, as well as chlorides. Fight with this need for the first time hours after the manifestation of symptoms. Favorable action is the introduction of saline. It is necessary to do this slowly, usually the duration of the procedure does not exceed an hour. A glucose solution is also introduced, 100-125 grams diluted in 500 ml Ringer's solution. The latter implies a 0.7% solution of sodium chloride. The solution should be heated to a temperature of 37 degrees. Gradually, the intake of glucose decreases, then enough will be 75 grams per 400 ml of solution, then 50 grams per 300 ml of solution. In the end, only Ringer's solution is introduced.

With the purpose of reinforcing the heart muscle, a person needs to inject intravenously a nitric acid strychnine to 0,002 grams three times a day. It has a positive effect on the central nervous system, and also tones up the functions of the vasomotor and respiratory centers. Thanks to the use of this tool, the arterial breathing is stabilized together with breathing.

Then they resort to symptomatic treatment. A person is given Pantopone in the amount of 0.02 grams up to 4 times a day, and with the same periodicity, Morphine is 0.01 mg. This will reduce pain in the abdomen, as well as calm the person. If a person freezes, he is prescribed cardiac remedies that tonify the vasomotor center. For this, Caffeine, Corazol, Hexeton is used. Dosage appoints a doctor, you can not take drugs if hypersensitivity to the main components.

Alternative treatment

At the first signs of poisoning, it is necessary to resort to gastric lavage. For this, a solution of sea salt can be used. It is necessary to take a teaspoon of purified sea salt and dilute it in a glass of water. This solution will cause vomiting and purify, thus, the stomach. For maximum effect, 3-4 cups of solution should be used.

When the stomach is cleaned, it is necessary to use a glass of vodka with salt. To do this, a third of a teaspoon of finely ground sea salt is poured into the glass. Then everything is stirred and drunk. Specialists recommend adding a little pepper here.

It is advisable to clean and intestines. To do this, you need to make at least 5 enemas, with an hour interval between them. Saline solution is also used here. Pour a tablespoon of salt onto a liter of warm water.

Alternative treatment is certainly good. But when poisoning pale toadstool this is inappropriate. You can do gastric lavage yourself, the rest of the treatment is prescribed by your doctor. At the first signs it is necessary immediately to call an ambulance.

[17]

Herbal Treatment

Treatment with herbs at home is appropriate, but it is not worth it to conduct the procedures yourself. After poisoning pale toadstool is very dangerous and in almost 50% of cases leads to death. You can only wash your stomach yourself. For this, salt water is used. The next step is to tidy the intestines. In the enema fluid, castor oil or a laxative is added. If a person suffers from hallucinations, it is necessary to apply ice to his forehead.

Tannin will effectively combat poisoning. It is used as an astringent that can slow the absorption of poison in the body. Brew it in a special way. For this, take 2 teaspoons of tannin, and pour a glass of water. Take the drug every 30 minutes for 15 drops. This substance is also used for cleaning the intestines. For this, a little money is added to the enema. Enough 1 teaspoon per 250 ml of liquid.

Well-established collection of herbs. It has a pronounced antitoxic and astringent effect. It is necessary to take 5 tablespoons horsetail field, as much clover meadow and flowers. For maximum effect, add 2 tablespoons of oak bark. All this is brewed in a liter of boiling water. In total it is necessary to take 3 tablespoons of the collection. The finished product is taken half the glass up to 7 times a day.

It is necessary to understand that hoping for only one alternative treatment is silly. We need exceptionally qualified help. Pull in any case impossible!

Homeopathy

Homeopathic remedies can stop poisoning in a few hours. But this information is more relevant for the defeat of a certain food. In this case, the effect is indeed observed rapidly. Sometimes enough days to fully put a person on their feet.

As for poisoning with mushrooms, both poisonous and rotted, the situation is somewhat complicated. The contents of the stomach and intestines must be removed immediately. To do this, ordinary emetic and laxatives are suitable. If the condition is complex, then atropine is administered to the person under the skin. With strong excitation, this method disappears. Opium and Morphia are appropriate here.

If there is a strong decline in strength, then resort to the help of spirits, ether and coffee. With manifested hallucinations, cold is applied to the head. If there is severe vomiting - Ice and Cocaine. In asphyxiation, salt solution should be added. They also make enemas with the use of chlorine hydrate.

Operative treatment

Poisoning pale toadstool is certainly dangerous, but despite this surgical treatment is not used here. It is impossible to remove something surgically in this case. A person needs to provide quick help, this will save his life.

The first thing to do is wash the stomach. It can be either ordinary water or salt solution. A weak solution of potassium permanganate is also suitable. Then, measures are taken to clean the intestines. In this case, also a salt solution is used. Then the symptomatic treatment is already begun. It is prescribed exclusively by a doctor.

It should be understood that poison poisons can harm all vital organs and systems. Therefore, the faster the actions to remove the poison from the body begin, the more favorable the forecast will be. Relying on alternative medicine or own strength is silly. You need to act professionally. If you start on time, then the chance to survive is much higher.

Prevention

It is necessary to collect only those mushrooms that are well-known. If there is any doubt, it is better not to take them. When collecting, pay attention to the shape, color and smell of pulp. And it checks everything at the time of collection, and at the cut. Many people believe that it is possible to determine the poisonous fungus only on a darkened silver leg. It is not true. So, pale toadstool is almost impossible to distinguish from edible mushroom.

You can not harvest near highways, the chemical industry, or other unfavorable places. The fact is that fungi can absorb all dangerous toxins and thereby accumulate them in themselves. Therefore, even an edible fungus can cause serious poisoning if it was collected in such a place.

In no case should you touch the poisonous mushrooms, especially the children. To cause poisoning are capable of "plants" in an overripe form, as well as very old ones. As a rule, the process of disintegration of proteins begins already inside them. Identify a bad mushroom in this case simply, it has a flabby soft bonnet.

It is important to be able to properly handle the harvest. To do this, mushrooms are well boiled or dried. For example, for morels it is necessary not less than 15 minutes of cooking in order that from them toxins start to leave. In order not to cause heaviness in the stomach, a day can eat no more than 200 grams per day.

Forecast

Fungal poisonings have always been considered the most dangerous. The physician should understand that the mortality rate in this case is increasing at times. Therefore, it is necessary to act quickly. On this depends the course of the forecast.

When making the prediction, a special role is assigned to the state of the heart and blood vessels. If they are in good condition, then the probability of a positive outcome is much higher. Usually, however, the patients recover within a short time. If the condition of the organs is not the best, blood circulation may sharply worsen. The pulse is weakly palpated, the person begins to wither. In the end, there is a fatal outcome. It is usually associated with paralysis of the vasomotor center.

Most patients, especially children, die on the third day. For many, it is the third day that is the crisis in the elimination of the problem. If a person is going through this day, then the chance of recovery is almost 100%.

Some doctors believe that the crisis may come on the second day, if after it a person lasts for another three days, he will survive. However, deaths still occur and their frequency is high.

Recovery may occur within 2-4 weeks. This is a very long process. The whole "negative" of poisoning is taken over by the liver, so much depends on it. The main thing is that jaundice does not develop in consequence, which will aggravate the condition of a person. If a person goes on an amendment, the forecast is favorable. Over time, all functions and systems will be restored.