Pipe Dysfunction: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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Pipe dysfunction is obstruction of the fallopian tubes or epithelial dysfunction, which worsens the mobility of the zygote; lesions of pelvic organs are structural disorders that can interfere with fertilization or implantation.
Pipe dysfunction is the result of inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs, the use of the IUS, rupture of the appendix, development of the adhesion process after surgical interventions on the abdominal organs, inflammatory disorders (eg, tuberculosis) or ectopic pregnancy. Pelvic lesions, such as intrauterine synechia (Asherman syndrome), fibroids, squeezing the uterine tubes or deforming the uterine cavity, the presence of malformations, can disrupt fertility and lead to the formation of an adhesion process in the small pelvis. Endometriosis can be the cause of tubal, uterine or other lesions that lead to infertility.
In order to diagnose infertility, a study of the fallopian tubes is carried out. Most often perform hysterosalpingography (X-ray examination of the uterus and fallopian tubes after the introduction of radiopaque substance into the uterus on the 2-5th day after the termination of menstruation). Hysterosalpingography often leads to a functional narrowing of the fallopian tubes. This test can also detect some pelvic and intra-uterine lesions. For unexplained reasons, after the hysterosalpingography, pregnancy becomes sometimes possible. Thus, in these cases, additional diagnostic tests for determining tubal dysfunction may be delayed. Tubal lesions can then be assessed using laparoscopy. Intra-uterine and tubular lesions can be detected, and later they can be assessed using sonogetherography (introduction of isotonic sodium chloride solution into the uterus during ultrasonography) or hysteroscopy.
Diagnosis and treatment of tubal dysfunction are most often performed simultaneously during laparoscopy or hysteroscopy. During laparoscopy, pelvic adhesions or pelvic endometriosis foci can be disconnected or coagulated by laser or current. Similarly, when performing hysteroscopy, spikes can be severed and submucosal myoma nodes and intrauterine polyps removed.
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