Partial and complete absence of nails: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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Under partial absence of the nail plate is understood as onyolysis, i.e. Incomplete separation of the nail from the nail bed. In dermatological practice, onycholysis is the most common symptom of nail plate lesions. In patients with localization of rashes in the nail bed area, characteristic symptoms of subungual psoriatic papules are revealed: a yellowish staining with a narrow erythematous corolla along the periphery. The process can be combined with pinpoint impressions on the surface of the nail (symptom "thimble") and psoriatic paronychia. There are a number of other dermatoses accompanied by onycholysis: red flat lichen, Reiter's disease, bullous dermatoses, peri-ogive and subungual warts. Partial absence of the nail plate can also be a consequence of nail trauma, the action of various infectious factors (yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida, pyococcal microflora), the intake of certain medications (tetracycline antibiotics, psoralen, thiazides), tissue perfusion disorders in vascular diseases of the limbs of diffuse connective tissue diseases. In dermatocosmetology, onycholysis often occurs as a result of trauma in inaccurate manicure with the use of metal instruments that have undergone inadequate disinfection. This is especially common with long nails. In addition, onycholysis can develop with intolerance of components of coatings for nails, artificial nails, liquids holding solvents. Onycholysis on the feet is associated with the pressure of narrow or unsuitable footwear, due to impaired peripheral circulation.
Onychomadez - a complete absence of the nail plate or most of it. Onihomadez is divided into reversible (unstable) and irreversible (persistent). In case of irreversible onychomadea, the matrix of the nail is affected, the growth of the nail plate is disrupted and in its place a connective ligamentous cord bearing the name of the pterygium is formed. To the appearance of the pterygium lead red lichen planus, acrodermatitis Galopo, bullous e
Piedermolysis, cicatricial pemphigoid, toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell's syndrome), onychotilomania. It should be emphasized, honoring the persistent loss of the nail is the result of severe injuries of the terminal phalanx of the finger, as well as surgical removal of nail plates in the treatment of onychomycosis. Reversible onychomades is associated with injuries of the nail and okolonogtevogo roller, acute paronychia, bullous toxicodermia, psoriasis, deep grooves Bo-Reilche, erythrodermia of various genesis, Kawasaki syndrome, antibiotics, cytotoxic drugs, systemic retinoids and a number of other conditions.
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