The operation to remove the polyp in the uterus: the types, consequences, complications

Polyps in the uterus - a fairly frequent phenomenon, which requires timely diagnosis and proper treatment. It is important to identify polyps at an early stage. This will make possible the use of conservative treatment. In the opposite case, surgery is required. Polyps need to be treated or removed, as they can cause various complications and can degenerate into a cancerous tumor.

Do I need to remove polyps in the uterus?

Sometimes you can do without removing. First you need to try conservative treatment, without surgery. If it does not work, you need to delete it. At once delete, if in them are found atypical cages, or there is a risk of their transformation into cancer cells.

Also polyps are excised when they cause bleeding, are the cause of anemia and anemia, contribute to the occurrence of other complications. It is recommended to remove if hormone therapy does not give any results when the size of the polyp is 1 cm. Women who are older than 40-45 years are also recommended to remove, as they have a significantly increased risk of complications and malignant tumors.

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The size of the uterus for surgery

The operation is mandatory, if the size exceeds 1 centimeter.

Hysteroscopy of the uterine polyp

This is an operation in which the polyp is removed by a hysteroscope. The method is low-traumatic, often used in surgical practice. The operation is performed for 15-20 minutes, while both local and general anesthesia and anesthesia are used. It is recommended to do it a couple of days after the end of menstruation, because it is during this period that the uterine mucosa becomes as thin as possible and the polyp is above the surface. It is easy at this time to be deleted. The operation is performed through the opening of the cervix with a hysteroscope. This device contains a camera, through which the doctor examines the entire cavity of the uterus and determines the further course of the operation. After the polyp is found, it is removed with an electric loop. This is a surgical tool that quickly removes the polyp from the uterine cavity, cutting it off.

The method of operation depends primarily on the size. The small is simply twisted, using rotational movements. With this method, you can remove the maximum number of cells. Usually the cells are removed completely, and the risk of further development of the tumor (relapse) is excluded.

After such a procedure, it is necessary to cauterize the vessels that nourished the polyp. This avoids bleeding. Sometimes they twist already during the rotation, and bleeding does not occur. In addition, the curettage of the polyp bed is carried out by the curette. Then the antiseptic is processed, which avoids the risk of postoperative complications, infection. Also, the risk of re-growth is prevented.

When multiple polyps are found in the uterus or on the cervix, the doctor makes a scraping, monitoring with a hysteroscope. Special equipment is attached to it - a curette with a pointed edge.

Hysteroscopy is particularly effective in the removal of tumors, since the risk of metastases is minimal. The camera allows you to monitor the progress of the operation. No incisions are made during the operation. All manipulations are performed through natural openings, by opening the cervix. Stitches after the operation does not remain, since incisions are not made. Accordingly, the recovery occurs very quickly. With the help of the camera, the doctor has the ability to control all the nuances, to see the whole picture. It is impossible to miss a single minute detail, especially a polyp.

Scraping the polyp in the uterus

Polyps have the property of recovering from the remaining cells in case they have not been completely removed. Relapses are observed in about 30% of cases. Therefore, to exclude such a risk, you need to minimize trauma to surrounding tissues. Scraping is considered a rather traumatic way to remove polyps, since the likelihood that the leg of the polyp will remain. Since with traditional scraping the doctor may not notice this, preference is given to scraping with hysteroscopy.

With this method, the doctor can see completely the entire cavity and the walls of the uterus, the image is visualized on the screen. But today not all clinics have the possibility of hysteroscopy. Therefore, from traditional scraping as a method of removing polyps try to move away.

Removal of the polyp in the uterus with a laser

This is the method that allows you to accurately and accurately remove the polyp, without injuring the surrounding tissues. This method does not leave scars on the neck, as a result of which the ability to reproduce is not lost. This method is recommended for women of reproductive age, if they still plan to have children. The advantage of the method is that it does not require further hospitalization of the patient. The procedure on average lasts no more than 2-3 hours. Recovery is very fast, a woman may not even take a sick leave. Nevertheless, a woman must attend check-ups. About a week later, you need to undergo a scheduled examination. The doctor will check the condition of the uterus, check the effectiveness of the operation and prescribe a further recovery treatment.

Scars and traces do not remain, the risk of complications is excluded, bleeding does not occur. Removal of polyps by laser is considered the most effective and safe way. It allows you to delete a polyp layer by layer. The doctor can clearly control the depth at which the laser beam penetrates. Due to the removal by the beam, there is no effect on the possibility of fertilization of the oocyte.

Discharge after removal of the uterine polyp

After the operation, there will be different discharges. Some of them are of a natural, physiological nature, others are a consequence of the pathological process. A woman should know the main signs of both natural and pathological excreta. In natural processes, this will eliminate excessive unreasonable excitement. With pathological discharge, awareness in this area will allow you to consult a doctor in a timely manner and take the necessary measures to prevent serious complications.

If the operation was performed in a low-traumatic manner, the secretion is usually either completely absent or within the physiological norm. Usually they last no more than 2 days. If a method such as scraping, which is very traumatic, has been chosen, the allocation can be observed for a fairly long time - from 2 weeks to several months.

In the framework of the physiological norm, sticky red secretions are considered, the volume of which does not exceed 50 ml per day. Usually they last no longer than 5 days, so if their volume or duration is increased, you need to see a doctor.

Bleeding may also occur. Recognize them is quite simple - the scarlet blood extracted from the genitals. In this case, you need to call an ambulance as soon as possible, and try not to move. Before the arrival of doctors, you need to lie down, lie down. This rarely occurs. It can be observed with reduced hemoglobin, anemia, with low blood clotting, or if a woman has taken a drug that reduces blood clotting, liquefies it.

Sometimes clots of blood can be allocated. They do not have a smell, dark, rather viscous and thick. Usually this is the consequence of excretion of the blood accumulated in the uterus cavity left after the operation. They come out within a few days after the operation. If the duration of such secretions exceeded 5 days, and even more so if there was scarlet blood, not thickened - this may indicate bleeding. In this case, you need to see a doctor as soon as possible.

Purulent inflammation appears in case of bacterial infection. They become cloudy, sometimes they can acquire a green or yellow shade. It depends on the number of microorganisms, and their varieties. Often such discharges are accompanied by an increase in temperature, signs of intoxication. Burns, there is pain, burning. In this case, you should immediately contact a doctor who will prescribe antibacterial therapy.

When the clostridium enters the uterine cavity, a putrefactive process is observed. Allocations become viscous, foamy, get an unpleasant odor. Can have a dark yellow, and even a brown tinge. In this case, you need to urgently go to the doctor who will take all the necessary measures to prevent the risk of sepsis.

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Monthly after removal of the uterine polyp

If the menstrual cycle has been disturbed, it will need to be restored. Usually it takes 2-3 months. The doctor will prescribe the necessary drugs that regulate the menstrual cycle, contraceptives. Take them strictly according to the scheme.

Temperature after removal of the uterine polyp

After removal of polyps, the fever may stay for a while. If it does not exceed 37,2-37,3, this is normal. This temperature can indicate recovery processes, and is also a consequence of damage to internal tissues and organs.

If the temperature exceeds these values, you should consult a doctor. This can indicate a variety of pathologies, including infection, the development of the inflammatory process, the divergence of seams or damage to the wound surface, and much more. Most often it is a sign of complication, the development of an infectious and inflammatory process.

It should also be taken into account that after the operation the body is weakened, the risk of infection, viral diseases, colds increases substantially, chronic diseases can become inflamed.

Postoperative period

When performing surgery hysteroscopic or laparoscopic method, the risk of complications is practically absent. But with any method, there is always a risk that the polyp will re-grow, which may be due to the remnant of cells that could not be scraped out during the operation. Even one cell can provoke a repeated growth of the polyp.

A greater risk when performing scraping, even if it is performed under hysteroscopy. In this case, the surrounding tissues are severely injured, which can give a boost to the re-growth or degeneration of cells into cancerous cells. The risk of bleeding is reduced to a minimum, however, is not completely excluded. All this requires a woman to be attentive to her health in the future, compliance with all the doctor's recommendations and visits to planned inspections. Then the postoperative period can go without complications.

In the first three days after the operation, anesthetics are usually prescribed, since painful sensations are present. Strong drugs are often not required, enough no-shpy. It is taken three times a day. This makes it possible to relax the muscles of the uterus and to avoid accumulation of blood in the cervix, which often occurs as a result of spasm.

Also, doctors must prescribe anti-inflammatory drugs, since any intervention, even minimal, is always accompanied by inflammation. Inflammation should be stopped as soon as possible, so as not to provoke a repeated growth of the polyp or an excessive increase in the mucous membrane of the uterus. If there is a risk of infection, the development of an infectious-inflammatory process, inflammation in other biotopes or in cases of microflora disorders, it is necessary to undergo a course of antibiotic therapy. Sometimes probiotic drugs may be prescribed. Also, antibiotic therapy is almost always required if curettage or scraping is performed during the operation. This is due to the large area of damage and damage to surrounding tissues, which can lead to inflammation.

The removed polyp is always examined by histological methods to determine if the tumor is benign or malignant. If a malignant tumor is found, additional antitumor treatment may be required. Usually the results are ready 10-30 days after the date of the deposit. Everything depends only on the biological properties of the excised tissue, on the rate of its growth. The tissue is examined by microscopic and other methods, in accordance with the results obtained, appropriate treatment is prescribed.

In the event that the cause of the formation of polyps has served as a hormonal imbalance, hormonal preparations are prescribed. Most often, gestagens and contraceptives are prescribed. Alternative medicine, homeopathic remedies may be included in complex restorative therapy, but they can be taken only after the results of the study are obtained and after preliminary consultation with the doctor. If necessary, the doctor himself will include these funds in the list of recommendations. If not, you need to discuss this with your doctor.

Sometimes prescribed sedatives. This is especially effective when damage to surrounding tissues, with hormonal imbalance. Soothing means help to relieve stress and accelerate the healing process.

To stimulate the speedy recovery, accelerate the recovery processes, general restorative therapy can be used, for example, vitamin therapy, immunomodulating agents. It is important to adhere to the regime of the day and proper nutrition. Food should be dietary: boiled, steam. Alcohol, as well as spices, marinades, fatty foods, you need to exclude completely. The diet should be developed together with a doctor to take into account all the nuances. This makes it possible to increase the natural resistance of the organism, to connect protective mechanisms. Physiotherapy may be required. Particular attention is paid to electrophoresis, magnetotherapy and ultrasound treatment.

A woman in the postoperative period can not take a hot bath, visit saunas and baths. This can cause bleeding. Only the shower is allowed. During the month, you can not exercise, exercise. Within a month you can not do douching, sexual life does not live. Do not take medications that promote blood thinning, including analgin, aspirin.

Hospital after removal of the uterine polyp

On average, the hospital is given for the entire period of the postoperative period. Additionally, it can be given 1-2 weeks for further recovery. Everything depends on the state of the body, on whether there are complications, concomitant diseases. If complications occur, the hospital can be extended. The longest hospital will be after the curettage, cavitary operation. If the operation was performed hysteroscopically or laparoscopically, the hospital can last up to a week. If laser removal was performed, a woman in general may not take a sick leave, because she can return to normal life after 2-3 hours.