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Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (Ecstasy): dependence, symptoms and treatment
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA - commonly known as ecstasy, or Adam, or "E") is an analogue of amphetamine. MDMA is usually used in the form of pills. It has both stimulating and hallucinogenic properties. Long-term use can cause dependence.
MDMA is often used in dance clubs, concerts, rave parties. Ecstasy causes a state of excitation, disinhibition and enhances physical sensations. Like amphetamines, ecstasy raises energy, but to a much lesser extent. Unlike amphetamines, the use of MDMA is not associated with unsafe sexual behavior, resulting in the spread of sexual infections. Although the toxic effects of this drug remain controversial, the death of brain cells caused by typical amphetamines has not been identified. Effects are intermittent, episodic use is not necessary. Rarely can occur fulminant hepatic failure. Chronic, repeated use can cause the same problems as with the use of amphetamines. Some develop paranoid psychoses. With repeated frequent use, a cognitive decline can also occur.
[Treatment of dependence
Treatment of dependence occurs in much the same way as in amphetamines, although treatment of acute overdose is rarely required.