Maxillary cyst

The maxillary cyst, also commonly known as the maxillary sinus cyst, is a benign cystic new formation in one of the cavities of the sinuses of the nose. It is filled with liquid, and its walls are thin and elastic, they look like a bubble in their kind of cyst. The cyst of the maxillary sinus is formed as a result of disturbed outflow from the gland, which is localized in the mucosa.

[1], [2], [3]

Causes of the maxillary cyst

The cause of the cyst of the maxillary sinus is a pathological occlusion of the gland protocol, the main function of which is the secretion. The gland is located on the mucous membrane and lining the sinus. The cyst may disappear on its own, however, there is a very high probability that over time it will again be filled with pathological fluid.

[4], [5], [6], [7]

Risk factors

Risk factors for the development of cystic education in the maxillary sinus cavity can be chronic sinusitis, rhinitis and other diseases associated with disruption of the maxillary sinuses. Also provoke the appearance of a cyst may disrupt the structure of the outlet of the maxillary sinus, which is called anastomosis. If it is expanded, then the air flow, falling into the bosom, systematically hits the same point, which can cause the pathology of the nasal mucosa.

In addition, the cause of cysts can become diseases of the upper teeth and gums - these are caries, periodontitis and other foci of oral infection. Therefore, it is extremely important to monitor the health of your teeth, observe oral hygiene, regularly visit the dentist, and prevent the formation of inflammatory processes.

[8], [9], [10]

Pathogenesis

The pathogenesis of the maxillary cyst lies in the fact that when any infection occurs, the cells are separated from healthy tissues and their formation is protected by a dense shell. Thus, the pathological process is limited within the maxillary sinus. Often the patient does not even suspect that he is sick with this disease, but when he comes to the doctor with a cold or sinusitis, as a result of instrumental diagnosis, a cyst in the maxillary sinuses is detected. A simple cyst that does not cause any complaints on the part of the patient, and which was discovered absolutely by accident, may be for every tenth person. Usually, cystic new education in the human body is removed surgically, but if it does not bring any discomfort, then you can do without surgery.

[11], [12], [13], [14]

Symptoms of the maxillary cyst

Most often, the cyst of the maxillary sinus proceeds without any symptoms. As mentioned earlier, it is found after the analysis and radiography only if the patient goes to the hospital for entirely different reasons. The cyst does not require surgery and treatment, if it does not cause any worries to the patient, it should be examined periodically by the attending physician.

But also there were cases when the maxillary cyst caused intense pain in the area of the maxillary sinuses, severe headaches, runny nose, including mucus secretion and nasal congestion. The maxillary cyst can cause frequent exacerbations of sinusitis. It causes a lot of inconvenience to people engaged in diving, as when immersed in water, they experience very unpleasant pressure in the nose.

Dimensions of the cyst of the maxillary sinus are neither associated with the severity of the symptoms. For example, a large education in the lower part of the sinus may be absolutely imperceptible for the patient. While a small cyst in the upper wall of the maxillary sinus leads to complications and headaches. This phenomenon is explained by the proximity of the branch of the trigeminal nerve in this region.

The cyst of the right maxillary sinus as well as the cyst of the left maxillary sinus rarely has its specific symptomatology, which is manifested in unilateral headaches and nasal congestion on the side with which the cystic formation is located.

Sometimes the headache in patients with this disease takes a permanent or periodic nature, most often associated with changes in weather conditions or in the spring-autumn period. They may also be disturbed by difficulty in breathing with the nose, dizziness, spasms in the upper jaw area, which leads to quick fatigue and decreased performance, as well as irritability, impaired appetite, sleep and memory. This group of patients is most prone to the possibility of frequent exacerbations of chronic sinusitis and rhinitis.

Sometimes patients notice a copious discharge of a transparent liquid of yellow color from one half of the nose. As a rule, this phenomenon happens as a result of rupture and emptying of cystic education.

Cysts of both maxillary sinuses most often appear as a result of nasal breathing and, when large sizes are reached, can cause anatomical changes in the skull, which is caused by severe pain that spreads almost to the entire face, so painful cysts must be removed.

Forms

Retinal cyst of the maxillary sinus

Retinal cysts of the maxillary sinus are also called true. They are formed as a consequence of the violation of the patency of the ducts of the glands of the nasal mucosa. Edema, inflammation, blockage of the airways, hyperplastic or cicatricial changes can contribute to the appearance of a retention cyst in the patient's body.

When a cyst is formed, the gland continues to produce a secret, and because of this cyst is constantly increasing, and its walls are stretched. Most often, this type of cysts are located on the outer wall of the sinus, and from the inside are lined with a cylindrical epithelium. Large retention cysts of the maxillary sinus with progressive growth lead to stretching, and its walls become thinner, which is very clearly visible on the x-ray. To prevent the occurrence of retention cyst in the maxillary sinuses, you need to carefully monitor your health and in time to treat rhinitis. Do not think that the cold or ARVI will pass by itself, because they can leave you such a "ill-fated" gift as a cystic formation in the maxillary sinuses. And you are lucky if the cyst does not develop, because otherwise the operation can not be avoided.

[15], [16]

Odontogenic cyst of the maxillary sinus

The odontogenic cyst of the maxillary sinus is the cyst of the maxillary sinus, which resulted from infection from the pathological areas of the roots of the teeth and adjacent tissues. Most often there are cysts of these types:

• follicular odontogenic formations developing at the age of ten to thirteen years from an insufficiently developed retina base of the tooth or in complicated cases of inflammation of the milk teeth.
• rooting odontogenic formations are formed from granulomas on the apex of the root and in the process of increase cause the death of bone tissues and gradually penetrate into the cavity of the sinus.

Complications and consequences

From the above information, you have already learned that the cyst of the maxillary sinus can live "in harmony" with the patient's body, not showing him for many years, and maybe his entire conscious life, and at the same time a person will feel relatively healthy.

But not all patients are so lucky. The consequences of the cyst of the maxillary sinus can be very bad for the human body. It can cause the development of chronic sinusitis.

In addition, the cyst can provoke the death of bone tissue, which leads to the formation of voids in the dental canals. It can burst on its own without any intervention, and then all its contents will spread along the respiratory tract, part of which will come out through the nose, and the other part remaining inside the organism will provoke infection of healthy tissues.

The cyst of the maxillary sinus can increase in size and lead to an anatomical change in the skull - this is the worst outcome of events.

[17], [18]

Diagnostics of the maxillary cyst

Diagnosis of the maxillary cyst includes instrumental and laboratory methods of investigation. An accurate X-ray image will always show the exact clinical picture. To take a picture, a special contrast substance is introduced into the sinuses that will help to reveal the cystic formation even if its dimensions are relatively small. A good alternative to X-rays is computed tomography, it will easily determine the position and size of the lesion. There is another effective method for diagnosing the maxillary cyst, which confirms the diagnosis after the roentgenogram - this is a puncture of the maxillary sinus, but not everyone is resolved to this procedure, solely because of fear of the needle and puncture. There is also a false opinion that if a puncture is done once, then it will often have to resort to this far-off procedure in the future. This is a completely wrong belief. Puncture helps the doctor determine the tactics of treatment, because by its results he reveals the nature of the contents and draws conclusions about the diagnosis.

[19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25]

Treatment of the maxillary cyst

Treatment of the maxillary sinus cyst is not required, if there are no symptoms and nothing bothers, but there is a need for periodic examination by the treating doctor as prevention. If the doctor has decided that you do not need surgery, then you can begin to treat it at home. Here are a few simple recipes for alternative medicine:

• You need to take a freshly cut aloe leaf and squeeze out the juice from it. Drink this juice nostrils for 3-4 drops in each.
• Rinse thoroughly the tuber of the forest cyclamen and grind it on a shallow grater. Fold the cheesecloth into four layers and wring out juice with it. Mix one part of the cyclamen juice with four parts of water. Bury such a homemade medicine in the nose every morning, two drops. After that, lie down for 1-15 minutes. Do this procedure for a week. Two months later the course is repeated.
• The juice of the leaves of the golden mustache will help you get rid of the cyst if in the morning and in the evening bury it in your nose 2 drops in each nostril.

All these procedures should be done only with the permission of the attending physician, so as not to harm your body and not to provoke a relapse and rupture of the cyst.

Also, when using methods of alternative medicine, it should be remembered that some herbs and components of medicines can cause an allergic reaction and aggravation of the disease. Therefore, be careful and do not do self-treatment.

Removal of the cyst of the maxillary sinus

The decision to remove the maxillary sinus cyst can only be done by your attending physician and only if the cyst reaches a large size and interferes with the normal functioning of the patient, provoking painful spasms and other symptoms. The cyst is removed during the operation.

The first variant of the operation to remove the cyst is the simplest, accessible and widespread. It does not require a long-term postoperative inpatient stay. A maximum of one week at the hospital and the patient is ready for discharge. During the operation, the patient under anesthesia makes a hole in the crease between the upper jaw and lip diameter of half a centimeter, and with the help of a special small-sized endoscope, the cyst is removed from the sinus. After the operation, there remains a small defect in the bone, but over time it will scar. The only drawback of this operation is not very comfortable, and sometimes painful feeling in the upper jaw. Also, the patient, due to mucosal damage during operation, may be disturbed by manifestations of sinusitis.

Endoscopic removal of the cyst of the maxillary sinus

Endoscopic removal of the cyst of the maxillary sinus is a more modern and more sparing version of the operation, which is carried out using a special optical fiber technique. This operation does not require mechanical damage to the bone, since access to the maxillary sinus is through its natural exit. Under the control of special equipment, the cyst is removed through the anastomosis. The whole operation lasts, depending on the complexity, from twenty to forty minutes. After the operation, the patient should rest for about three hours in the hospital, and then may be free. Currently, this is the most innocuous and safe method of removing the cyst of the maxillary sinus, not suggesting mechanical damage to the sinus integrity. And of course, as a result - the healthy functioning of the nose and auxiliary organs, without side effects and deviations.

[26], [27], [28], [29], [30]

Prevention

In order never to confront such a disease and not to suffer from its consequences, one should always remember about oral hygiene, regularly visit the dentist and prematurely treat the inflammatory processes of the maxillary sinus, caries and periodontitis. It is also very important to monitor your health and in no case to start such diseases as rhinitis, sinusitis and other diseases of the nasal and paranasal cavities.

To avoid the re-emergence of the cyst, you need to completely eliminate the causative factors of appearance, because the very maxillary cyst - this is just one of the consequences of an untreated disease. Do not make independent decisions about the treatment of diseases of the nasal passages, as this can lead to an exacerbation of the disease and infection of the body with pathogenic cells that are contained inside the cyst. With such diseases, it is always necessary to consult a doctor, since alternative methods will at best slightly ease the symptoms and assist in curing, but they will not be able to completely cure the disease.

[31], [32], [33]