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Leukocytes: normal
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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Leukocytes norm is an indicator of the health of all human systems and organs. Their main task is to provide a protective function, to resist infections, viruses and other malicious agents.
Leukocytes have two main types of granulocytes and agranulocytes. Granulocytes are granular cells, their subgroup includes eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils. The second group - non-grained includes monocytes and lymphocytes.
The normal level of body protection is the leukocyte count (4-9) x10 9 / l of blood. The quantitative parameter of leukocytes is directly related to the activity of the bone marrow, where the leukocytes are formed. Partially these white blood cells form in the spleen, lymph nodes. The norm of leukocytes can fluctuate depending on the rate of their production, the rate of mobilization from the bone marrow, the rate of penetration into the tissue and other factors. Phagocytic activity is invaluable, they, dividing into subspecies, perform a lot of useful actions: they recognize foreign elements, seize them, hydrolyze them, and utilize them, take them out of the body.
[What is the norm in leukocytes?
The norm of leukocytes is a specific leukocyte formula, where the percentage of individual subspecies is calculated.
The following parameters are considered to be the norm:
Leukogram of granulocytes (neutrophils):
- Myelocytes (newborn leukocytes) - 0;
- Metamyelocytes (young) - 0-1;
- The stabs are 1-5;
- Segmented - 45-70;
- Eosinophils - 1-5;
- Basophils - 0-1. 2.
Leukogram of agranulocytes:
- Lymphocytes - 20-40;
- Monocytes - 2-10.
Leukocytosis is a deviation from the norm of more than tens of thousands, which can mean acute inflammatory processes, infectious pathologies of organs and systems. Also, leukocytosis is indicated by a specific term - the shift of the leukocyte formula to the left. If the norm of leukocytes is exceeded by hundreds of thousands, this is a threatening sign, indicative of leukemia. Changes in neutrophilic indices indicate degranulation (cell damage, pathological changes in its structure), vacuolation (cell dystrophy with the formation of cavities containing fluid).
Leukopenia is called the change of indicators towards decreasing the number. A decrease below the 4000 threshold is deadly to the body. Agranulocytosis is almost complete insecurity of systems and organs before infections, viruses and intoxications.
The norm of leukocytes is also the age index of health:
Children:
- The first day of life - 8.5 - 24, 5x109 / l;
- The first month of life - 6,5 - 13,5х109 / l;
- Semi-annual age - 5,5 - 12,5х109 / l;
- One year - 6,0 - 12,0х109 / l;
- Up to six years - 5,0 - 12,0х109 / l;
- Up to twelve years - 4,5 - 10,0х109 / l;
- Up to fifteen years - 4,3 - 9,5х109 / l.
Adult people regardless of gender:
- 4,0 - 9,0х109 / l;
The norm of pregnant women in the I-st trimester is slightly increased, the increase in leukocytes in the third trimester indicates a hidden pathology.
Leukocytes norm is information that shows the state of the body at rest, without the influence of provoking factors, both physiological (eating, physical exercise) and psychoemotional. Therefore, the analysis for the determination of leukocytes is performed on an empty stomach, excluding all possible loads.