Labyrinthopathy

The term considered in this article includes a rather large number of pathologies, united by one aspect - the localization of diseases - this is the inner ear of a person. Labyrinthopathy - a violation of the normal functioning of the auricle, which is caused by vasomotor (violation of the neural-reflex mechanisms) and trophic (changes in biochemical processes in tissues) characteristics. Mostly, such changes are already chronic.

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Causes of labyrinthopathy

Any disease is not taken from nowhere. It has its own source and favorable conditions for development. The causes of labyrinthopathy are quite extensive and diverse. With changes affecting the vestibular apparatus, physicians talk about vestibulitis. If negative disturbances cover only the sound receptor itself, then we are talking about cochleopathy. If you find both changes together, you can already talk about labyrinthopathy.

Negative transformations in the organ of corti mainly begin to develop from fibers of the spiral ganglion, nerve cells or hair cells. Gradually, the cellular structures of the supporting apparatus begin to be involved in the process of dystrophy, which gradually leads to complete degradation of the Corti site.

To lead to such a deviation in the work of the hearing organ can:

• Mechanical damage to the sound receptor is a chronic noise injury.
• The toxic form of the pathology is provoked by endogenous or exogenous poisons. It can be: methyl alcohol, quinine, gasoline, aniline, sulfuric acid, nicotine, fluorine, salicylates, arsenic and many other chemical compounds burdened with similar properties.
• Bring the same to such intoxication capable of spoiled meat of animals, birds or fish.
• No less dangerous toxins are produced on the background of the occurrence of such diseases as typhus, scarlet fever, diphtheria, influenza, diabetes mellitus, malaria, measles, and in case of toxicosis caused by pregnancy in the case of progressive nephritis, intestinal dyspepsia, epidemic parotitis, epidemic goiter and many other pathologies.
• Sometimes it is not possible to identify the cause of the hearing loss. For example, such a picture can develop in adolescence. Much less often, its initial development is observed in middle-aged people.
• Under the epidermis is often able to form an insignificant cystic formation, developing from the remains of the mucous membrane and surrounded by the area of inflamed bone tissue.
• This problem is diagnosed as an aging process. That is, senile hearing loss.
• There are cases when degeneration of hearing occurred due to severe hypovitaminosis of the organism, or due to prolonged starvation (forced or conscious stay on a rigid diet).
• The consequences of radical surgery.
• Violation of metabolic processes.
• Vascular disorders.
• Climax.

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Symptoms of labyrinthopathy

Practically the development of any disease (with rare exception) is accompanied by the appearance and growth of intensity of uncomfortable symptoms. The main symptoms of labyrinthopathy are a gradual decrease in auditory sound perception. Often such deterioration is accompanied by a noise background, which begins to sound almost constantly in the ears.

The intensity of the symptoms depends largely on the cause of the development of pathological hearing loss. Some forms of the disease show gradual, but irreversible, hearing loss, while a number of cases depend on the speed and effectiveness of the therapeutic measures taken. For example, receiving toxic poisoning in the light of professional activity.

There are cases of rapid emergence of deafness caused by high intoxication of the body. For example, due to poisoning with quinine. Gradually such process passes in a chronic current.

In parallel with hearing loss, the patient can be accompanied by:

• Dizziness, which is especially activated when the head turns sharply.
• Disorder of the vestibular apparatus (impaired stability) with a rapid change in the position of the body.
• Problematic of movement in transport - motion sickness.
• There may be a weak spontaneous nystagmus - a complex type of oculomotor deviation, manifested by frequent involuntary vibrational movements of the eyeballs.

Diagnosis of labyrinthopathy

That the patient received qualitative and timely treatment, it is necessary to establish the right diagnosis as soon as possible and, preferably, the cause of the pathology.

The diagnosis of labyrinthopathy is mainly based on the patient's history. The specialist necessarily tries to get the most complete picture of the violations, its intensity and localization. The level of hearing loss is set, which is typical in the case of changes affecting the sound receptor. The question is clarified whether the hearing loss affects both auditory organs or only one.

The attending physician examines the sensitivity threshold of the vestibular analyzer, which shows an underestimated sensory perception. Whereas stimulators of supra-threshold strength provoke an unprecedented high response (mostly of a vegetative nature). For a sound analyzer of a sick ear, this disproportion in a powerful response to a slight irritation causes a strong loudness of sound in response to mild irritation. This pattern is typical for disturbances in the functionality of the sound receptor.

The patient also undergoes audiometry, as a result of the research, the doctor receives a curve of legible speech.

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Treatment of labyrinthopathy

If the hearing loss is a consequence of postoperative intervention, then the main thing in carrying out the stopping therapy is thorough management of the operated area. This mainly applies to the use of disinfectants: solutions, ointments and powders.

Treatment of labyrinthopathy, with any genesis of the disease, provides for the appointment of patients with calcium-based medicines (often used combinations with other elements): calcium lactate, calcium gluconate, calcium lactate gluconate and others.

Calcium gluconate is prescribed for oral administration, as well as in the form of solutions intravenously and intramuscularly (injections are not prescribed to small patients) use. The quantitative component of the administered pharmacological agent is directly selected, relying on the age of the person who needs medical help:

• For adults, the drug is administered one by one - three grams two - three times during the day.
• Breasts before the age of one year - 0.5 g twice - three times a day.
• Babies, whose age is indicated by a figure falling in the range from two to four years - one gram twice - three times during the day.
• Children from five to six years of age - 1 to 1.5 grams two to three times throughout the day.
• Children from seven to nine - 1,5 - 2 g twice - three times a day.
• Teenagers from 10 to 14 - two to three grams twice - three times during the day.

Parenterally to adult patients the considered pharmacological preparation is appointed in an amount from 5 to 10 ml daily. The input schedule is determined by the attending physician, and it can be daily or entered in a day or two. Older children - 1 to 5 ml once every other day or two.

Contra-indications of calcium gluconate include hypercalcemia, the tendency of the patient's body to form a blood clot, hypercoagulation, developed atherosclerotic symptoms and increased sensitivity of the patient's organism to the components that make up the drug.

Iodine preparations are also prescribed : antirustine, betadine, yox, iodide, iodinol, iodonate, iodopyrone, iodoform, iodine, microiod, and others.

Iodide is ascribed to tablets and taken in dosages of 0.1 to 0.2 grams per day immediately after meals, together with a sufficient amount of liquid.

It is not recommended for this drug in case of increased individual sensitivity of the patient's body to iodine, as well as if the patient's history includes Dühring-Brok syndrome, autonomic adenoma or adenomatous goiter.

The patient uses bromides : ammonium bromide, potassium bromide, bromoform, sodium bromide.

Drug sodium bromide is taken orally on 0.1 - 1 g of the drug three to four times throughout the day. The drug can be administered intravenously in a dosage of 5 to 10 ml. In the treatment solutions are used as 5%, 10%, and 20%. The level of concentration used is prescribed by the doctor individually.

Breasts before the age of one year are injected in a single dose of 50-100 mg. Babies up to two years - once a day for 150 mg. Karapuzam, less than four years old - 200 mg, children under six years - 250 mg. If the child is older than six, but less than ten years - the applied dosage is 300 mg daily, adolescents up to the age of 14 years are administered 400-500 mg per day.

Preventing the introduction of the drug may be an individual intolerance to the body of patient bromides and their derivatives, severe anemia, hypotension, obvious symptoms of atherosclerotic manifestations, various kidney diseases, decompensation of the cardiovascular system.

The patient also takes medicines based on strychnine. Pharmacological agent is administered subcutaneously with two or three injections throughout the day: adult patients - 0.5-1 mg each, for small patients who have not yet reached the age of two years, the dosage is slightly less and ranges from 0.1 to 0.5 mg (depending on from the age of the patient). If necessary, the amount of the drug can be increased: once - up to 2 mg, during the day - no more than 5 mg (for adult patients).

To the contra-indications of strychnine, physicians refer to the hypersensitivity of the components of the medication, bronchial asthma, thyrotoxicosis, manifestations of angina pectoris, atherosclerotic phenomena, arterial hypertension, hepatitis, predisposition to epileptic seizures, nephritis, pregnancy in a woman.

Required vitamin complexes, which are based on the B vitamins (especially B1) and S.

Multivitamins are prescribed to small patients older than four years of age, once a day, one tablet. Best reception time - together with consumed food. Children under the age of four are prescribed vitamins in the form of syrup.

Contraindications to the use of vitaminized complexes include only increased hypersensitivity to the component composition of the drugs.

Intravenously, the patient receives a maintenance dose of glucose, which is calculated as 4-6 g per kilogram of patient weight, which corresponds to approximately 250 to 450 g daily. In this case, the level of metabolism and its deviation from the norm should be taken into account.

When determining the amount of the drug, the doctor pays attention to the permissible amount of daily fluids, which has its limitations: for babies with a body weight of up to ten kilograms, the amount of daily liquid is calculated as 100-165 mg per kilogram of body weight of a small patient. If the body weight reaches forty kilograms - 45-100 mg per kilogram of weight.

Do not allow the entry of glucose into the body of the patient if there is diabetes mellitus in his history, swelling of the brain and lung tissues, a failure in the circulation of glucose, hyperglycemia, hyperosmolar coma, severe left ventricular dysfunction, hyperhydration, hyperlactacidemia, hyponatremia. In the case of diagnosis of senile hearing loss or menopause, a positive result is given to drugs developed on the basis of sex hormones.

In the event that the reason for the deviation in the sound perception is one of the diseases, it is necessary to take measures to arrest the underlying disease.

Can be appointed aeron, which effectively removes the symptoms of "seasickness".

Aeron is taken by the patient in the amount of one or two tablets in half an hour - an hour before the supposed "active movement". If necessary, the drug can be repeated - one more tablet, but not earlier than six hours after the first dose.

Contraindications for the prescription of this medication can only be glaucoma.

The patient takes holinoliticheskie and ganglioblokiruyuschie drugs. It can be pentafen, benzohexonium, diphenine, dipromonium and other chemical compounds and compounds.

Pentafen is assigned to a specific patient in individually selected quantities, starting from the clinical picture of the disease: intramuscularly or intravenously.

Once a patient is administered pentafen in a volume ranging from 0.5 to 2 ml. Such injections doctor appoints his patient a day from two to three. The introduction of this drug is mandatory when monitoring blood pressure.

The maximum permissible volumes of the medicinal product used: once in 3 ml, and throughout the day up to 9 ml.

Contraindication for the introduction of the pharmacological drug in question can serve as a closed-angle glaucoma, an acute form of myocardial infarction, an individual intolerance to the body of the patient, including azame- tonium bromide, a severe phase of arterial hypertension, pheochromocytoma, kidney and / or liver dysfunction, and the patient's state of shock.

Prevention of labyrinthopathy

Everyone knows that almost any disease can be either completely prevented, or at least slowed down the development of the pathological process, without leading it to severe irreversible complications. Prevention of labyrinthopathy consists in the implementation of a number of recommendations that will help protect the body from harmful external or internal effects.

• It is necessary to keep as far as possible from toxic substances and volatile poisons. If this can not be avoided (for example, such contact is related to the professional activity of a person), you should carefully protect yourself, using the necessary personal protective equipment.
• Closely monitor the dosages of the drugs taken, avoiding large doses, especially when self-treatment of a particular disease. Hearing loss and noise can provoke, for example, such medicines as streptomycin, salicylates, quinine.
• Avoid injury.
• Regular check-ups should not be ignored.
• When selecting for work in "noisy shops", it is necessary to give preference to people whose noise threshold is more enduring to sound injuries. This parameter is easily installed on the basis of any clinic with the help of sound loads of varying intensity.

Forecast of labyrinthopathy

The answer to this question depends on the etiology and neglect of the pathological process. If the body already has irreversible changes and the disease continues to progress, then the probability of developing complete deafness of the patient is high.

If the processes are reversible and the person turned in time for help to a qualified specialist, then the prognosis of labyrinthopathy is very favorable.

To protect oneself from the troubles associated with the state of health, only the person himself can. If the problem concerns small patients, this duty is placed primarily on the parents or close relatives of the child. Labyrinthopathy is a very uncomfortable, but not fatal disease. However, to lose the sound connection with the outside world is unpleasant. Therefore, at the slightest sensation that the threshold of auditory perception begins to decrease noticeably, it is necessary to immediately consult a doctor - an otolaryngologist, who will conduct the necessary examination and will draw up adequate measures to stop the problem.

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