Inflammation of the tendons
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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Inflammation of tendons is a symptom complex that develops in their pathology, which is accompanied by pain and movement disorders in the segment.
The primary place is occupied by tendovaginitis, an inflammation of the tendons, namely, the synovial vagina. From tenovovinitis, it is necessary to distinguish between peritendinitis, when the pathological process is localized in the membranes, paratendinitis is the inflammation of the tendons and the surrounding loose cells that are located outside the synovial vagina on the forearm, the shin, in the Achilles region, although they often combine, because they are inflammatory periprocesses, and also ligamentite .
On the etiology of inflammation of the tendons are distinguished: infectious, caused by pyogenic microflora, entering the synovial vagina with wounds or when penetrating from neighboring foci of infection; infectious-allergic, developing as a reactive inflammation of tendons in systemic diseases; aseptic (acute crepitating and chronic stenosing tenosynovitis) that occur in microtrauma and overexertion, usually in persons of certain professions performing monotonous movements (musicians, typists, etc.), and athletes, especially often skaters and skiers.
Acute infectious inflammation of the tendons is more often formed when the abscess or wound is located with the opening of the synovial vagina on the palmar surface of the hand or the plantar surface of the foot. The process is accompanied by a sharp pain, swelling, flushing, a violation of the function of the hand or foot with a rapid spread of the process on the forearm or shin. The need for urgent opening of the synovial vagina to prevent necrosis requires immediate hospitalization in a surgical hospital.
Infectious-allergic inflammation of tendons develops when an exacerbation of a chronic systemic disease, for example, rheumatism, is combined with polyarthritis and polymyositis, and they are covered by clinical manifestations, are identified by pain during palpation of muscles. For treatment, the patient is referred to a rheumatologist.
Acute crepant tendovaginitis is more often observed when there is inflammation of the tendons of the hand, foot, shoulder bicep. There is pain, limited mobility, swelling; with palpation, the zone of the pathological process is painful, passive movements are painful, during which a characteristic crunch is determined. Athletes may have Albert's syndrome-pain with exercise and painful inflammation of tendons in the area of the calcaneus and the place of attachment of the Achilles. Treatment conservative surgeon.
Ligamentitis ("snapping finger") is a reactive inflammation of the tendon of the annular ligament of the vagina at the level of the base of the proximal phalanx of the fingers of the hand, which leads to their tightening and narrowing of the ligament ring. It arises as a result of functional overstrain, trauma, as a result of a panaric attack. Movement within the annular ligament is difficult, there is a symptom of "snapping", when the finger is fixed in the flexion position and the patient feels an obstacle when it is unbent. Primarily I, III, IV fingers are affected. Symptoms are swelling and tenderness in the area of the thickened ligament, difficulty in flexion and extension of the finger.
There are 3 stages of the disease:
- difficulty in the movement of the finger mainly in the morning;
- the development of the symptom of "snapping" of the finger, extension of which is accompanied by sharp pain and a characteristic click;
- the development of flexion contracture, when finger movements are impossible. In the first stage, the treatment is conservative, in the second and third stage it is operative in the conditions of separation of the hand microsurgery.
Ganglion - cystic formation in perisinovial tissue of the joint capsule.
It is a fibrous single-chamber or multi-chamber cyst, filled with a gelatinous substance rich in mucin. Mainly localized on the back of the wrist and wrist joint between the extensors, it can rarely be in the area of the knee joint, ankles, on the rear of the foot. It is revealed in the form of a clearly contoured, dense, round-shaped formation from 3 cm to 5-6 cm in diameter. The skin with it is not soldered and not changed. If the ganglion is troubled as a cosmetic defect, small in size and localized on the back of the hand or foot, you can use the crushing technique (several strokes with a medium strength wooden hammer), in all other cases, surgical treatment.
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