How is pollinosis treated in children?

In order to effectively treat pollinosis, along with rational pathogenetic therapy, an important role is played by the regime of the maximum possible limitation of the level of antigen stimulation. During the remission period, the main and most effective method of treating patients with pollinosis is specific hypo-sensitization.

Elimination of pollen is impossible.

Antihistamines for oral administration

Name of the drug		Form of issue	Doses and multiplicity of prescription
Commercial	Generic (chemical)
Preparations of the first generation
Diazoline	Mebrogroline	Tablets of 0.05 and 0.1	Up to 2 years - 50-150 mg; from 2 to 5 years - 50-100 mg; from 5 to 10 years - 100-200 mg per day
Peritol	Cyproheptadine	Tablets 0.004; syrup (1ml - 400mg)	From 6 months. Up to 2 years (for special indications!) - 0.4 mg / kg per day; from 2 to 6 years - up to 6 mg per day; from 6 to 14 years - up to 12 mg per day; frequency of reception - 3 times a day
Suprastin	Chloropyramine	Tablets 0.025	Up to 1 year - 6.25 mg; from 1 to 6 years - by 8.3 mg; from 6 to 14 years - 12.5 mg per appointment; frequency of reception - 2-3 times a day
Tavegil	Clemastine	Tablets 0.001	From 6 to 12 years - to 0, 5 - 1, 0 mg; over 12 years - 1 mg per reception; frequency of reception - 2 times a day
Phinehil	Dimethindene maleate	Drops for oral administration (1 ml = 20 drops = 1 mg); capsules 0.004	From 1 month. Up to 1 year - 3 to 10 drops; from 1 year to 3 years - 10-15 drops; older than 3 years - 15-20 drops per appointment; frequency of reception 3 times a day; children over 12 years - 1 capsule 1 time per day
Fenkarol	Hinuclidyl	Tablets 0.01; 0.025	Up to 3 years - 5 mg; from 3 to 7 years - 10-15 mg; from 7 years and older - 15-25 mg per reception; frequency of reception 2-3 times a day
Preparations of the second generation
Zaditen, ketof, astafen, and others.	Ketotifen	Tablets 0.001; syrup (1 ml = 0.2 mg)	From 1 year to 3 years - to 0.0005 mg; over 3 years - 0,001 mg per reception; frequency of reception - 2 times a day
Zirtek	Cetirizine	Tablets 0.01; drops 10 ml (1 ml = 20 drops = 10 mg)	Children over 2 years - 0.25 mg / kg, the frequency of reception - 1 - 2 times a day
Claritin	Loratadin	Tablets 0.01; syrup (5 ml = 0.005)	Children older than 2 years and with a body weight of up to 30 kg - 5 mg; with a body weight of more than 30 kg - 10 mg each; frequency of reception - once a day
Preparations of the third generation
Telfast	Fexofenadine	Tablets 0.12-0.18	Children over 12 years - 0.12 g or 0.18 g once a day

In the treatment of allergic diseases, and in particular pollinosis, antihistamines are widely used. Antihistamines of the first generation have a sedative and cholinolytic effect, can cause the development of tachyphylaxis. However, these side effects are not observed in all patients. These drugs are effective for severe itching, vegetative dysfunction by vagotonic type. Fenkarol and peritol have an antiserotonin effect. Diphenhydramine and pipolpene are currently not used in children because of the high risk of side effects.

Antihistamines of the second generation do not penetrate the hemato-encephalic barrier and do not exert a pronounced sedative effect. They have a high affinity for H2 receptors, a rapid onset of action, a prolonged therapeutic effect, without causing tachyphylaxis. In addition to selective inhibition of histamine H2 receptors, second-generation drugs inhibit the early and late phases of an allergic reaction, have a combined antiallergic and anti-inflammatory effect. They are able to inhibit the release of histamine from mast cells and basophils, inhibit the production and release of leukotrienes, the formation of adhesion molecules of different classes, slow the flow of calcium into the cell, activate eosinophils and platelets.

Antihistamine preparation of the third generation of telphasts does not possess the cardiotoxic effect peculiar to some preparations of the second generation, it does not undergo biotransformation in the liver and, therefore, does not interact with other drugs metabolized in the liver by the cytochrome P450 system. The antihistamine effect begins after 1 hour, reaches a maximum after 6 hours and lasts for 24 hours. The drug is used prophylactically in the flowering season of etiologically significant plants. Telfast, zirtek and claritin are prescribed once a day.

Treatment of symptoms of allergic rhinitis is described in the chapter on allergic diseases of the respiratory tract. When allergic conjunctivitis is used optometrist, kromogling (solution kromoglicievoy acid for instillation into the eye).

Specific immunotherapy (SIT) is carried out by patients with polyvalent pollen sensitization (for example, trees and grass-weeds), which require a long daily intake of antihistamines and local treatment of symptoms of rhinitis and conjunctivitis. SIT is able to prevent the transformation of pollinosis into more severe forms of respiratory allergy.

Climatotherapy is shown with a change in the geographical zone for the flowering season of causally important plants.

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