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How is urticaria in children treated?
Last reviewed: 06.07.2025
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Treatment of urticaria involves eliminating contact with the allergen after identifying it by collecting an allergy history, performing skin scarification and other diagnostic tests.
A hypoallergenic diet is prescribed, excluding histamine liberators. In the acute period of urticaria associated with the ingestion of an allergen, enterosorbents (activated carbon, smecta) are prescribed; cleansing enema, and plenty of fluids. The first-line drugs for acute urticaria are antihistamines. In acute urticaria, it is indicated to prescribe first-generation antihistamines (they act faster than second-generation drugs) in combination with adrenergic receptor agonists - 2% suprastin solution, 1% diphenhydramine (diphenhydramine) solution 0.03-0.05 ml/kg intramuscularly, clemastine (tavegil) 0.1 ml per year of life. It is possible to use new generation antihistamines (cetirizine 5-10 mg, acrivastine 4-8 mg, loratadine 5-10 mg, fexofenadine 60-120-180 mg, ebastine 10-20 mg, levocetirizine 5 mg, desloratadine 5 mg) orally. In case of chronic urticaria - long-term use of second generation antihistamines. In case of persistent urticaria - hydroxyzine (especially indicated for cholinergic urticaria), H2-histamine receptor blockers (cimetidine, ranitidine) are prescribed. In case of laryngeal edema of II, III degree - high doses of prednisolone are prescribed - 3-4 mg/kg ("trachesostomy without a knife"), tracheostomy according to indications.
Second-line drugs for the treatment of urticaria include glucocorticosteroids - prednisolone 2 mg / kg (intramuscularly or intravenously) or dexamethasone 4-8 mg intramuscularly, intravenously, which is prescribed for generalized urticaria. toxic-allergic condition. In severe acute urticaria, they are used in a short course of 5-7 days.
Forecast
In most cases favorable. Laryngeal edema may lead to asphyxia.
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