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How is cholera prevented?
Last reviewed: 19.11.2021
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Nonspecific prevention of cholera
Nonspecific preventive maintenance of cholera is directed on maintenance of the population with a good-quality drinking water, disinfection of sewage, sanitary clearing and an accomplishment of populated places, informing of the population. Employees of the epidemiological surveillance system work to prevent the introduction of the agent and spread it on the territory of the country in accordance with the rules of sanitary protection of the territory, as well as a planned study of the water of open reservoirs for the presence of a cholera vibrio in the zones of sanitary protection of water intakes, places for mass bathing, water areas of ports, e.
An analysis of data on the incidence of cholera, examination and bacteriological examination (according to indications) of citizens who came from abroad is being conducted.
According to international epidemiological rules, persons arriving from countries that are unfavorable for cholera are given a five-day observation with a single bacteriological examination.
A comprehensive plan of antiepidemic measures is implemented in the center, including hospitalization of diseased and vibrio-carriers, isolation of contactees and medical supervision of them for 5 days with a 3-fold bacteriological examination. Carry out the current and final disinfection.
Specific prevention of cholera
To apply specific prevention vaccination against cholera - cholera vaccine and choleragen-toxoid. Vaccination against cholera is carried out on epidemic indications. A cholera vaccine containing 8-10 vibrio in 1 ml. Is injected under the skin, the first time 1 ml, the second time (after 7-10 days) 1.5 ml. Children 2-5 years old are injected with 0.3 and 0.5 ml. 5-10 years - 0.5 and 0.7 ml, 10-15 years - 0.7-1 ml, respectively. Cholerogen-anatoxin is injected once every year strictly under the skin below the angle of the scapula. Revaccination is performed according to epidemic indications no earlier than 3 months after the initial immunization. Adults need 0.5 ml of the drug (for revaccination also 0.5 ml), children from 7 to 10 years - 0.1 and 0.2 ml respectively. 11-14 years - 0.2 and 0.4 ml, 15-17 years - 0.3 and 0.5 ml. An international certificate of vaccination against cholera is valid for 6 months after vaccination or revaccination.