Fraley's syndrome

Fraley's syndrome refers to a type of pathology of the development of blood vessels that ensure the vital activity and normal functioning of the kidneys, which are considered congenital, since they arise in the prenatal period. The syndrome itself is not a disease in the full sense of the word, but its symptoms indicate the development of concomitant diseases associated with impaired functioning of one or both kidneys.

Epidemiology

Fraley's syndrome was described back in 1966 by an American urologist, after whom the above syndrome was named. Localization of Fraley's syndrome can be either left-sided or right-sided. Most often, the pathological process affects only one of the kidneys, which are a paired organ. But there are cases when both kidneys are affected, which is accompanied by expansion of both renal pelvises due to impaired ureteral patency.

It has been scientifically proven that congenital anomalies of kidney and renal vessel development are the most common types of urinary system pathologies (about 35-40%). Most often, they are detected in the first months of a child's life, but sometimes the absence of obvious symptoms complicates diagnosis, and the pathology is detected several years later against the background of the development of concomitant diseases.

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Risk factors

Fraley's syndrome is a congenital pathology of the arrangement of the renal vessels (renal arteries). Since the process begins in the embryonic period, it is not possible to determine its causes precisely, as with other congenital kidney pathologies.

We can only talk about risk factors that provoked improper formation or cessation of kidney development and associated anomalies in the location of the vessels responsible for the blood supply to the organ.

These factors include:

• heredity (pathologies associated with the structure of the vascular system of the kidneys, transmitted from generation to generation),
• various genetic abnormalities (chromosomal syndromes: disorders in the genetic apparatus of cells, gene mutations),
• unfavorable factors affecting the fetus during pregnancy and negatively affecting its development (the development of individual organs and body systems):

• acute and chronic diseases in the mother,
• taking medications during pregnancy (especially angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, which help reduce blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels, at the stage of formation of the fetal urinary system),
• bad habits: addiction to alcohol, drug use, smoking,
• the influence of certain environmental and physical factors on a pregnant woman and the development of the fetus: high temperatures, prolonged exposure to ecologically unfavorable conditions, harmful working conditions, exposure to ionizing radiation, etc.

But whatever the causes of Fraley's syndrome, their elimination (if possible!) will not change anything; only surgical intervention can help the patient get rid of the painful symptoms and prevent the development of concomitant pathologies.

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Pathogenesis

Fraley's syndrome develops when there is an abnormal arrangement of the branches of the renal artery, manifested by the crossing of the anterior and posterior branches. The segmental vessels that branch off from the anterior and posterior branches of the main renal artery are arranged in such a way that their crossing can compress the renal pelvis (the place where secondary urine accumulates, which then enters the ureter) in different places (in its upper part or at the point where it flows into the ureter).

But be that as it may, such compression disrupts the normal functioning of the kidneys. Compression of the renal pelvis leads to the fact that the outflow of urine is difficult, and the renal calyces overflow with urine. And this can further provoke the development of various kidney diseases due to stagnation of urine inside the organ.

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Symptoms Fraley's syndrome

The symptoms of Fraley's syndrome are associated not so much with the crossing of the arteries themselves, but with the negative consequences caused by the crossing of the vessels and their compression of the upper part of the kidney. That is, the symptoms that appear indicate the development of certain kidney pathologies.

Symptoms of Freyley syndrome may appear separately or in combination. The first signs of the syndrome are considered to be the appearance of pain in the lower back on the side of one of the kidneys. If the kidney function is impaired on both sides, the pain may cover the entire lumbar region.

Frequent manifestation of Freyley's syndrome is considered to be the appearance of acute pain in the kidney area ( renal colic ), which is associated with the process of stone formation in the organ, which was launched due to stagnation of urine. But urine contains about 5% of solid substances, from which sand or stones are formed.

Fraley's syndrome can also manifest itself by the appearance of blood in the urine in quantities exceeding the norm ( hematuria ). Moreover, this can be either macrohematuria (visible reddening of urine due to the presence of blood particles in it) or microhematuria (blood is detected only as a result of examining urine under a microscope).

Very often, Freyley's syndrome, like many other kidney diseases, is accompanied by a moderate increase in blood pressure (renal hypertension), due to a violation of the excretory function of the kidneys, which are designed to filter blood and remove excess fluid. Usually, an increase in blood pressure is observed against the background of a decrease in the excreted volume of urine.

Complications and consequences

Fraley's syndrome itself is not a pathology that is dangerous to the patient's life. In principle, even all those unpleasant symptoms that accompany this syndrome are not associated with the crossing of the segmental arteries of the kidneys. They are caused by the consequences of such a location of the vessels, which can remind of themselves both in the first months of the baby's life and some time later.

Arterial hypertension in children very often develops precisely against the background of various kidney diseases, including abnormalities in the location of blood vessels, causing disturbances in the functioning of this important organ. In this case, rapid fatigue, irritability, deterioration of attention and memory are observed, which results in the child's poor performance at school and limitations in work activity in adulthood.

But most often, Freyley's syndrome is not limited to just increased pressure. The most common complication that occurs due to stagnation of urine in the renal pelvis is urolithiasis, or rather nephrolithiasis, when sand and stones form not in the bladder, but in the kidneys themselves. Not only can nephrolithiasis occur with pronounced painful symptoms, it can also have its own unpleasant consequences.

For example, if kidney stone disease is accompanied by frequent and prolonged bouts of nausea and vomiting, which result in significant fluid loss, this can lead to dehydration. Not only the kidneys suffer from this, but also other human organs and systems.

One of the unpleasant and even dangerous complications of kidney stone disease is pyelonephritis. Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the kidney and its infection occurs in this case due to damage by stones formed in the kidney itself. The danger of this disease is that it does not pass without a trace, most often the symptoms return after a while and the disease becomes chronic.

Further inflammation of the kidneys provokes the development of renal failure or even complete atrophy of the organ, when the kidneys can no longer perform the functions assigned to them, which threatens a fatal outcome.

Kidney stones can be of different quality and size. Sand and small stones can be excreted from the body on their own along with urine, causing minor discomfort, but the formation of large hard stones is fraught with severe damage to kidney tissue, acute pain and bleeding, so their removal is carried out using a laser or ultrasound, and sometimes even by surgery.

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Diagnostics Fraley's syndrome

The symptoms of Freyley's syndrome do not indicate a specific pathology. The symptoms of the syndrome are characteristic of many diseases, which are not always associated with kidney function. For example, lower back pain, high blood pressure, and the appearance of blood in the urine may be associated with diseases of other organs and body systems.

On the other hand, the appearance of symptoms of Freyley's syndrome indicates the development of certain diseases, which may be a consequence of the crossed vessels syndrome itself or have a completely different cause. Renal colic may indicate kidney problems, but their appearance is again associated not with the crossing of the renal arteries, but with the development of nephrolithiasis. The causes of nephrolithiasis may be metabolic disorders in the body, food preferences, gout, hypercalcinosis, treatment with sulfonamides, and much more.

During differential diagnostics, doctors need not only to detect diseases whose development is provoked by the incorrect position of the vessels, but also to get to the root of the cause. This is necessary not only to effectively relieve the symptoms of the disease, but also to determine how severe the renal dysfunction is and to understand whether there is a need to resort to surgical intervention to prevent further compression of the renal pelvis by the vessels.

Anamnesis collection based on the study of the patient's medical record and complaints can provide some information when it comes to an adult, but if the pathology concerns a child, especially an infant, the doctor can only get more or less objective information from the baby's parents. But you shouldn't rely on this information either, because it does not reveal the full picture of the disease.

Even the necessary tests for this symptomatology (general blood and urine tests, microflora tests, etc.) will only help to identify inflammatory processes in the body and the appearance of neoplasms in the urine (most often in the form of sand). It is more difficult to determine where exactly the stones are formed and where the localization of the inflammatory process is observed. And even more so to find out their cause, which in Freyley's syndrome is hidden precisely in the compression of the kidney by abnormally located vessels.

It is clear that it is impossible to detect vascular pathologies during an external examination, which means that more informative methods of instrumental diagnostics have to be used. This could be X-ray or ultrasound of the kidneys and urinary system as a whole.

X-ray examination of the kidneys and the entire urinary system is best performed using a contrast agent that is injected into the patient's vein (excretory urography). This method allows you to determine the functionality of the kidneys and other organs of the urinary system, and examine their internal and external structure in detail.

Excretory urography can be combined with micturition cystography (X-ray of the urinary system, which is performed during urination).

Ultrasound examination is considered a more accurate method that allows one to determine abnormalities in the structure of the kidneys and their vessels and diagnose urinary outflow disorders.

The information obtained during an ultrasound can be supplemented by a computed tomography or MRI of the kidneys, which can show a three-dimensional image of the organ itself and the vessels that supply it with blood.

But the most informative and accurate method of examination in case of suspected Fraley syndrome or other vascular pathologies is considered to be renal angiography, which in most cases allows to clarify the diagnosis. This method is a type of X-ray examination, also carried out using contrast agents. It is carried out with the help of special equipment in specialized X-ray angiography rooms of medical centers.

Despite the effectiveness of renal angiography as a method for diagnosing vascular pathologies, this method is not applicable to small children, especially "infants". Here, doctors are assisted by Dopplerography (as a variant of ultrasound) of the renal vessels and multispiral computed tomography (MSCT), which is one of the fastest and most accurate research methods.

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Treatment Fraley's syndrome

Treatment of Fraley's syndrome is carried out based on the results of diagnostic studies, which will reveal concomitant diseases that have developed due to the above syndrome, and the degree of compression of the renal pelvis.

If the vessels do not compress the renal pelvis strongly, as a result of which the urodynamics of the upper urinary tract is not disturbed or its disturbance is weakly expressed, the patient may not even suspect a congenital pathology. In this case, treatment is not required until the first symptoms appear, which, by the way, may not make themselves known until the end of life.

If the disturbances in the urodynamics of the kidneys are significant, it is necessary to take measures to relieve the corresponding symptoms (increased blood pressure, pain in the lower back and kidney area), as well as to prevent the formation of kidney stones.

It is clear that relieving the symptoms of Freyley's syndrome and even treating concomitant diseases does not solve the problem completely. Compression of the renal pelvis will continue to prevent the kidneys from performing their functions, which means that the inflammatory process in pyelonephritis will be chronic, stones will continue to appear, and the pressure will remind of itself with any load and even without it.

The only effective treatment method that gives a good chance of a healthy life is surgery, which doctors resort to if the patient's age and health condition allow it.

Surgical treatment of Fraley syndrome

As already mentioned, surgical intervention for Fraley's syndrome is indicated if there is significant compression of the renal pelvis, disrupting urodynamics, as a result of which there is a high probability of developing various complications and the severity of the corresponding symptoms.

The choice of an effective surgical treatment method in each specific case is within the competence of a specialist doctor, based on the severity of the pathology, age characteristics and physiological characteristics of the patient's body. But all these methods have one goal - improving the urodynamics of the kidneys to prevent complications.

Various surgical treatments for Freyley's syndrome fall into the category of vascular or plastic surgeries on the upper urinary tract. These include:

• infundibuloplasty (increasing the size of the renal pelvis-calyceal junction),
• infundibuloanastomosis (surgical displacement of a vessel followed by its fixation using anastomosis),
• infundibulopyeloneostomy (moving the vessel into an artificially created channel between the calyx and the renal pelvis),
• calicopyeloneostomy (the operation is identical to the previous one).

All these methods are technically quite complex and are fraught with various complications in the form of urinary leaks, inflammation in the area of the vascular pedicle of the kidney (pedunculitis), and the formation of coarse scar tissue that causes vascular stenosis.

A fairly new and least traumatic method of improving the uro- and hemodynamics of the kidneys in Fraley syndrome is considered to be intrarenal vasopexy, which consists of separating the urinary tract and the pathologically located vessel. This operation, unlike others, does not require opening the urinary tract, and therefore there are no complications associated with such an intervention.

The operation is less complicated to perform than those described above, and the patient's recovery is much faster. At the same time, the duration of the operation itself is reduced, and therefore the effect of anesthesia on the patient's body. Many postoperative complications are also excluded.

Let's say that the need for surgery does not always arise, and it is not possible in all cases. But the appearance of symptoms of Freyley's syndrome is an important reason to seek advice and treatment from doctors: a urologist or a nephrologist. And the doctor will directly engage in the search for effective treatment.

Conservative treatment of Fraley syndrome

If surgery is inappropriate or impossible for some reason, this does not mean that the situation should be left to its own devices. After all, you can't joke around with your kidneys. And Freyley's syndrome is both high blood pressure and a high probability of the development and spread of inflammation and kidney stone formation. It is these symptoms that traditional medicine is called upon to combat with the help of conservative treatment methods.

Since inflammation and stones may not make themselves known at first, the main emphasis is on normalizing blood pressure, the indicators of which are somewhat high. We are not talking about the usual heart pressure here, but about the reaction that the diseased kidneys give, and therefore the drugs need to be appropriate.

The following medications are effective antihypertensive drugs that help combat high renal pressure (which, by the way, is more difficult to normalize than cardiac pressure): Captopril, Enalapril, Dapril, Fozzinopril, Captopril, Renipril, Enap, and other drugs that belong to the category of ACE inhibitors.

"Dapryl" is an ACE inhibitor, the main active ingredient of which is lisinopril, which has a diuretic, cardio-, cyto- and vasoprotective effect, and also improves blood microcirculation in the kidneys, which allows it to effectively combat both cardiac and renal pressure. Due to lisinopril, the drug has a prolonged effect.

The drug is available in tablet form (5, 10 or 20 mg), which should be taken whole, without crushing, at any time of the day. The interval between doses should be 24 hours. The tablets should be washed down with clean water.

It is strictly not recommended to prescribe the dosage of the drug on your own. This should be done by the attending physician, based on blood pressure readings.

The recommended initial dose is 10 mg, which can subsequently be increased to 20 and even 40 mg. The maximum dose of 80 mg is prescribed only in rare cases when there is also cardiac pressure, and the urodynamics of the kidneys is slightly impaired.

Depending on the severity of renal impairment, the therapeutic dosage may vary. It depends on creatinine clearance values and ranges from 2.5 to 10 mg.

For patients prescribed diuretics, as well as for those with low body weight, the recommended dosage is half the usual dose (5 mg).

Like most ACE inhibitors, Dapril has quite a lot of side effects from various organs and systems of the body: headache and dizziness, rapid fatigue, nausea, sometimes accompanied by discomfort and abdominal pain, changes in laboratory blood parameters, dry cough, skin rashes. Sometimes there is a strong drop in blood pressure and pulse, an increase in the level of potassium in the blood, and kidney problems.

The medicine also has many contraindications:

• severe renal impairment,
• increased levels of nitrogen compounds or potassium in the blood,
• the presence of narrowing (stenosis) in the renal vessels or the aortic orifice,
• physiologically caused increased production of aldosterone,
• hypersensitivity to the active substance of the drug, as well as to other ACE inhibitors.

The drug should not be used by patients who have undergone a kidney transplant, or by those with a history of angioedema.

The drug is not used to treat children, nursing mothers and pregnant women (especially in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters).

"Renipril" is a drug whose main active ingredient is enalapril maleate. The drug has a pronounced antihypertensive and minor diuretic effect.

The drug can be taken in tablet form at any time of the day 1-2 times a day. Since moderate hypertension is observed in Freyley syndrome, the recommended dose is 10 mg per day.

The dosage for significant renal dysfunction is adjusted by the attending physician based on the severity of the pathology.

Side effects of the drug include: a sharp drop in blood pressure, digestive disorders, headaches and dizziness, a feeling of fatigue, dry cough, allergic reactions on the skin, liver and pancreas reactions, intestinal obstruction, arthritis. Sometimes there is increased sensitivity to light, deterioration of vision and hearing, decreased sexual desire, up to impotence.

Among the contraindications for use, the following should be noted:

• hypersensitivity to the components of the drug,
• hypersensitivity to sulfonamides,
• severe renal impairment,
• liver failure,
• donor kidney,
• physiologically determined aldosteronism,

The drug is not used in pediatrics, as well as for the treatment of pregnant and lactating mothers.

When it comes to high blood pressure in a child with Fraley syndrome, the right to choose a remedy for treating arterial hypertension belongs only to the doctor. Usually, preference is given to homeopathic or other herbal remedies that have fewer side effects.

If there is pain in the kidney area, two groups of drugs are applicable here: antispasmodics (relieve pain by relieving spasms) and combined painkillers. Effective antispasmodics include Spazmil, Spazmalgon, Avisan, No-shpa, Papaverine, Platifillin, etc. Among the painkillers with a combined effect, it is worth highlighting: Baralgin, Novigan, Spazmalin, Bralangin, Renalgan, etc., which have the ability to relieve spasms and inflammation, and also actively participate in the relief of pain syndrome due to the inclusion of analgesic substances in their composition.

The use of antispasmodics for renal colic is due to the development of nephrolithiasis against the background of Fraley's syndrome. Antispasmodics facilitate the passage of the stone through the urinary tract, relieving painful spasms.

Since we are talking about the kidneys, which are considered the main filter in the body, let's look at the herbal preparation "Avisan". The main active ingredient of the natural antispasmodic, produced in tablet form, is the plant Ammi visnaga L, which helps fight renal colic.

It is recommended to take the drug after meals. The frequency of administration is from 3 to 4 times a day. A single dose of the drug ranges from 1 to 2 tablets. The drug is taken for 1-3 weeks as prescribed by a doctor.

The drug has very few side effects. These are mainly allergic reactions due to hypersensitivity to the components of the drug. Other side effects may occur in people with gastrointestinal pathologies. They may experience nausea and discomfort in the epigastric region.

Contraindications to the use of the drug are: hypersensitivity to the drug, childhood, and the presence of large stones (from 5 mm).

Antispasmodics with an analgesic effect are used for severe pain syndrome associated with kidney stone disease.

Good old "Baralgin", known to many since the Soviet Union, has not lost its relevance even today. With its antispasmodic and analgesic effect, it effectively fights renal colic of varying intensity.

For the treatment of Freyley syndrome, the drug is most often used in the form of tablets, which are taken from 1 to 2 pieces 3 times a day. Injection of the drug is recommended only in severe cases.

Among the side effects of the drug, allergic reactions are most common. However, with long-term therapy with the drug, some changes in the blood composition may also be observed.

Contraindications to the use of the drug:

• low level of granulocytes in blood plasma,
• a heart rhythm disorder called tachyarrhythmia,
• heart failure,
• high eye pressure, or glaucoma,
• enlarged prostate size,
• intolerance to some components of the drug.

But combination drugs, which also have an anti-inflammatory effect, make sense to use both when kidney stones are suspected and when there is a risk of developing pyelonephritis.

"Novigan" is a drug that has all 3 beneficial effects, and many patients note its high effectiveness in relieving severe pain associated with smooth muscle spasm.

The dosage of the drug is calculated based on the patient's age. For children from 5 to 15 years old, a single dose can be from ½ to 1.5 tablets, for adults - 2 tablets, which should be taken 4 times a day.

Side effects: occurrence of small erosions on the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, allergic reactions of varying severity (ranging from skin rashes to anaphylactic shock). Such consequences of taking the drug can only be encountered with long-term use.

Contraindications to taking the drug are:

• acute stages of gastric and duodenal ulcers,
• the presence of erosive lesions of the gastrointestinal tract,
• a sharp drop in pressure (collapse),
• "aspirin" asthma,
• intestinal obstruction,
• hypersensitivity to the drug,
• pregnancy period.

Patients with a tendency to gastrointestinal bleeding, blood clotting disorders, hypersensitivity to various NSAIDs, heart failure, and severe renal impairment should take the drug with caution.

To prevent the formation of kidney stones, use agents that improve urine flow and vitamins. It is believed that the formation of kidney stones is caused by a deficiency of vitamins A and D. These vitamins should be taken in sufficient quantities. But doctors recommend being careful with vitamin C, because it, on the contrary, can provoke the development of kidney stone disease if the patient has a hereditary predisposition to this disease.

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Physiotherapy treatment

Since the symptoms of Fraley's syndrome may imply the development of various diseases (arterial hypertension, kidney stones and pyelonephritis) due to the crossing of arteries, physiotherapeutic treatment methods should be selected in accordance with the existing pathologies.

Thus, to relieve renal colic due to kidney stones, thermal procedures will be useful: hot sitz baths and a warm heating pad on the lumbar region, which should be carried out in the presence of medical personnel and provided that the patient does not develop acute inflammation of the kidneys.

Electropuncture and acupuncture methods can also be useful for relieving pain.

If small stones are detected in the urine, diadynamic therapy, vibration therapy, and exposure to ultrasound waves can be performed.

The fight against high blood pressure is carried out by means of inductothermy, galvanization, magnetotherapy, amplipultherapy (electrical stimulation of the kidney area using sinusoidal modulated currents). The last procedure has a positive effect also in developing pyelonephritis.

Traditional treatment of Fraley's syndrome

I think many people understand that it is simply impossible to cure renal artery crossing in the pelvis area without surgery. But even traditional medicine can alleviate the condition of patients and prevent the development of various complications.

Traditional treatment of Fraley's syndrome is limited to normalizing blood pressure, preventing the process of stone formation, and treating the symptoms of concomitant diseases.

So, an infusion of the seeds of a plant that we are accustomed to using as a popular seasoning will help fight high renal pressure. We are talking about dill. Pre-crushed seeds of the plant in the amount of 1 teaspoon are poured with one and a half glasses of boiling water and infused for half an hour. This infusion should be drunk 3 times a day half an hour before meals.

Viburnum, hawthorn, and rose hips also help to lower blood pressure.

Herbal treatment in this case comes down to taking a tincture of bearberry and an antihypertensive mixture based on centaury, meadowsweet, bearberry with the addition of corn silk, birch leaves, wild pear, and barberry root.

The following herbs will help get rid of renal colic: horsetail (decoction for a bath), mint, lemon balm and chamomile in equal quantities in the form of a decoction for drinking, yarrow, marshmallow and chamomile herbs in the form of a meat solution for lotions and compresses.

Flaxseed decoction (1 teaspoon per glass of water) also helps to remove kidney stones. The decoction should be taken diluted with water, ½ glass every couple of hours for two days.

In case of kidney inflammation developing against the background of Freyley's syndrome, herbal treatment is of particular importance. Useful will be: oat grass, corn silk, nettle, horsetail, bearberry, plantain and chamomile. Yarrow, motherwort, St. John's wort, knotweed, calendula and other green "friends" will be useful for preparing medicinal potions.

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Homeopathy for Fraley's Syndrome

Homeopathy in case of crossed renal artery syndrome offers its effective medicines that help to get rid of painful symptoms.

In case of renal hypertension, Lachesis and Phosphorus will be useful. Depending on the patient's condition, the homeopathic doctor will prescribe an effective dosage and frequency of administration so that taking the above-mentioned drugs is not only useful, but also safe. After all, a strong decrease in pressure is no less dangerous to health than its high readings.

Normalization of mineral metabolism and improvement of urinary function of the kidneys in Freyley's syndrome is achieved by taking drops of Oxalur Edas-115 and Cantacite Edas-140, as well as granules of Cantacite Edas-940, produced in the Russian Federation. The dietary supplement "Ascitget" of plant origin, produced in the form of capsules, also helps in this regard.

In case of renal colic and suspected pyelonephritis, it makes sense to start therapy with the homeopathic drug "Renel" (1 tablet 3 times a day one hour after meals). For pain in the kidney area of varying intensity, the German drug Berberis-Gommakord will also help. Both drugs are produced by the well-known German pharmaceutical company "Heel".

As for the effective dosage of homeopathic medicines used for kidney diseases, the recommendations of a non-specialist are simply inappropriate. The dosage should be selected by a homeopathic doctor individually. In this case, not only the patient's condition, the severity of the disease, the age of the patient are taken into account, but also constitutional features, a combination of various symptoms, and personal characteristics.

Regarding the safety of the above-described homeopathic remedies, it can be said that their use in the dosage prescribed by the doctor does not cause health problems. Such drugs have few contraindications. Basically, this is hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, and sometimes childhood. Side effects and overdoses with the correct use of drugs, as a rule, are not observed.

Prevention

Fraley's syndrome is a congenital pathology, the causes of which are not exactly known. That is, there is no talk of preventing the pathological condition itself, which occurs in the embryonic period.

The only thing a woman expecting a child can do is to help doctors identify the pathology as quickly as possible in order to take the necessary measures to prevent the development of various complications of the insidious syndrome. For this purpose, you can try to "dig" into your family tree and find out whether there were cases of Freyley syndrome in the family of the child's father and mother. In this way, you can find out whether you have a hereditary predisposition, and what is the likelihood of the syndrome developing in your child. If the result is positive, you should immediately tell your doctor about it.

In addition, during pregnancy, it is worth taking care of your health, timely preventive measures against infectious diseases, and undergoing examinations. Of course, you need to give up bad habits and take care to spend less time in places with high levels of pollution, especially radioactive.

Caution must also be exercised when taking various medications, and it is essential to study information about their impact on fetal development and the course of pregnancy.

After the baby is born, if there is any suspicion of kidney disease in the baby, you should immediately contact your pediatrician, who will prescribe the necessary tests and, if necessary, refer you to a specialist. A baby with Fraley syndrome must be registered with a nephrologist, who will monitor the child's condition and take all measures to ensure that the patient's condition does not worsen, and, if necessary, prescribe surgical treatment.

The doctor will tell you about all possible preventive measures that can prevent the appearance of kidney stones and the development of pyelonephritis, and in the case of surgery, will prescribe effective means to prevent the formation of coarse scars and adhesions.

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Forecast

The prognosis of Fraley's syndrome depends on the degree of kidney damage (how much the kidney's urodynamics are impaired due to compression of the renal pelvis by arteries), the timeliness of seeking help in the event of unpleasant symptoms and the effectiveness of the prescribed treatment. Sometimes people do not know about their disease for years and there is no need for treatment. And others suffer with their kidneys for the same amount of time, not deciding on surgery, but in this case the most favorable prognosis is observed, if, of course, all the doctor's instructions are regularly followed after the surgery and during the rehabilitation period.

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