Dyskinesia of the esophagus: causes
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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Dyskinesia of the esophagus can be primary, i.e. Independent disease and secondary - i.e. The manifestation of some other disease, for example, diseases of the esophagus (diverticula, esophagitis, hernia of the esophagus, diarrhea, neoplasms), or may be associated with diseases of other organs and systems (diabetes mellitus, systemic scleroderma, severe central and peripheral nervous system damage, dystrophy, peptic ulcer disease, chronic cholecystitis, etc.), sometimes using drugs that disrupt the motor skills of the esophagus. In this chapter, primary dyskinesia of the esophagus is discussed.
The main causes of primary esophageal dyskinesia:
- psychoemotional stressful situations (acute and chronic), neurotic states, hysteria;
- hereditary anomalies of the neuromuscular apparatus of the esophagus that do not have a macroscopic substrate and are sometimes determined at the microscopic level.
At the heart of the pathogenesis of primary esophageal dyskinesia are changes in the nervous and hormonal regulation of its activity (motor, motor function).
It was found that a decrease in the content of gastrin in the blood leads to the development of gastroesophageal reflux. Tyroliberin, glucagon, somatostatin is reduced, and the pancreatic polypeptide stimulates the motor function of the esophagus.
Motilin increases the contraction of the thoracic region and the contractility of the lower esophageal sphincter; cholecystokinin and secretin relax it.
Enkephalins suppress the motor activity of the esophagus and inhibit the relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter.
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