Infectious and parasitic diseases

Hemophilus infection

Hemophilus infection is an acute anthroponous infectious disease with an aerosol mechanism of transmission of the pathogen, which is characterized by a predominant lesion of the respiratory tract and the membranes of the brain.

Treatment of diphtheria

Treatment of diphtheria is the introduction of antidiphtheria serum, which neutralizes diphtheria toxin, circulating in the blood (therefore it is effective only in the early stages of the disease - in the first 2 days).

Diagnosis of diphtheria in adults

Diagnosis of diphtheria, regardless of the localization of the process, is based on the presence on the mucous membranes or skin of a fibrinous film that has characteristic properties.

Symptoms and complications of diphtheria

Diphtheria has an incubation period that lasts 2-12 (usually 5-7) days, after which diphtheria symptoms appear. Diphtheria is classified by localization of the process and the severity of the course of the disease. The most common forms are diphtheria of the oropharynx (pharynx) and respiratory tract. Diphtheria of the nose, eyes, ear, and genitals are also possible. These forms are usually combined with the diphtheria of the oropharynx. Diphtheria of the skin and wounds occurs mainly in tropical countries.

Causes, pathogenesis and epidemiology of diphtheria

Corynebacterium diphtheriae grows only on special nutrient media is the most common telluric medium). According to their biological properties, the corynebacteria of diphtheria are divided into three biovars: mittis (40 serovars), gravis (14 serovars) and an intermedius close to it (4 serovars). The main factor of pathogenicity of the pathogen is toxin formation.

Diphtheria

Diphtheria (diphtheria, suffocating disease) is an acute anthroponous infectious disease with an aerosol mechanism of transmission of the pathogen, characterized by the predominant involvement of the oropharynx and respiratory tract with the development of fibrinous inflammation at the site of the pathogen and toxic damage to the cardiovascular system, nervous system and kidneys.

How is meningococcal infection treated?

Treatment of meningococcal infection depends on the clinical form of the disease. With nasopharyngitis, therapy is symptomatic. If the diagnosis is confirmed bacteriologically, use benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, cephalosporins I-II generation, chloramphenicol, pefloxacin in average therapeutic doses for 3 days. Do not use co-trimoxazole, aminoglycosides, to which most of the currently existing meningococcal strains are stable.

How is meningococcal disease diagnosed?

Clinical diagnosis of meningococcal infection and meningococcemia in typical cases is not difficult, but there may be a lot of similarities with a number of diseases that occur with hemorrhagic eruptions and CNS damage.

Symptoms of meningococcal infection in adults

The incubation period of meningococcal infection in generalized forms lasts from 1 to 10, usually 2 to 4 days. The clinical picture is diverse. The domestic classification, approximated to the international one, has been developed.

Causes of meningococcal infection

The causative agent of meningococcal infection is meningococcus Neisseria meningitidis, the genus Neisseria of the family Neisseriaceae. This is a bean-shaped coccus, arranged in pairs (diplococcus). In smears of cerebrospinal fluid in patients with meningococcal meningitis, it is localized primarily intracellularly in the cytoplasm of polymorphonuclear neutrophils.

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