Cyst removal

Removal of a cyst, or rather the choice of method, depends on what type it is, its size and, most importantly, on the organ in which it is localized.

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Removal of kidney cyst

Removal of the cyst, the choice of the method of operation, depends on the size of the neoplasm, on how quickly the cystic formation develops. The operation is necessary if the cyst causes the following conditions:

• Interferes with normal kidney function.
• Causes severe pain.
• Provokes hypertensive crises that do not respond to drug therapy.
• It has all the signs of malignancy – development into a malignant formation.
• It grows to very large sizes – over 4045 mm.
• It has echinococcal pathogenesis (parasitic).

Surgical removal of a cyst can be done in the following ways:

• Percutaneous puncture is a puncture that simultaneously performs a diagnostic function.
• Puncture of the neoplasm with mandatory sclerotherapy of the cavity walls.
• Resection of neoplasm by laparoscopic method under ultrasound scanning control. This method is considered the "gold standard" in urological surgical practice.
• Open radical surgery.

Removal of liver cyst

A liver tumor is also a cavity containing serous fluid inside. Cystic formations develop as a result of organ dysfunction, bile duct pathology, trauma or echinococcal infection. The main surgical methods for tumor neutralization are the following:

• Puncture combined with laparoscopic ultrasound control and mandatory sclerotherapy of the mucous walls of the tumor.
• Radical open surgery.
• Laparoscopy.

Removal of dental cyst

The cyst is most often localized in the upper root part of the tooth. The danger of a cystic formation is its ability to grow and spread infection to nearby tissues, so drug treatment is effective only at an early stage of cyst formation. The most effective method is surgical intervention, which can be as follows:

• Cystotomy is not a complete removal of the cyst, but only a puncture to allow the purulent contents to escape. This intervention is performed under local anesthesia and does not require special preparation on the part of the patient.
• Cystectomy is the complete removal of the cyst and partial removal of the infected root (apex), the tooth remains and is not removed.
• Hemisection - removal of a cyst, root apex, and also part of a tooth, followed by treatment and restoration.
• Laser cyst removal is one of the most modern methods, characterized by speed, efficiency and painlessness. The cystic formation is treated with a laser beam through the canal. In this case, the root is processed and sterilized, and the cyst is sclerosed.

Ovarian cyst removal

Functional neoplasms can be treated with medication, other types require surgical intervention, which can be performed in the following ways:

• The laparoscopic method is one of the most gentle and widespread in surgical practice, since it allows for surgical intervention with minimal tissue trauma. The operation eliminates adhesions in the tissues and organs of the small pelvis and is performed in such a way that even a small scar eventually dissolves without a trace. During laparoscopy, a special instrument is inserted into a small incision made in advance, with the help of which the cyst is removed. The procedure is performed under the control of an ultrasound scanner. All over the world, surgeons try to perform exactly such organ-preserving operations. After laparoscopy, after a recovery period, a woman retains her reproductive function and is able to bear a healthy baby.
• The laparotomy method involves an incision of such a size that it is possible to remove a large neoplasm, as well as associated tumors. If the tumor is diagnosed as rapidly developing and there is a risk of malignancy, then part of the ovary, possibly the uterus, and also the fallopian tubes are removed simultaneously with the neoplasm.
• Removal of a cyst can also be performed radically in cases where a biopsy shows that the tumor has degenerated into a malignant formation.

Removal of breast cyst

The choice of technique also directly depends on how large the cyst is, how fast it grows and whether there is a risk of its degeneration into a malignant tumor. Most often, cystic formations of the mammary gland are treated with medications at the initial stage. If the neoplasm does not respond to drug treatment, then in order to avoid the risk of malignancy, surgical treatment is prescribed. As a rule, a resection of the sector of the gland in which the cyst is localized is performed. The operation is minimally invasive and practically does not change either the shape of the breast or its density. If the neoplasm is large, enucleation is performed, that is, removal of the entire neoplasm - enucleation.

Removal of brain cyst

This is a serious radical operation, which involves a choice of three methods:

• A major, traumatic operation – trepanation and removal of the cyst.
• Shunting is emptying the neoplasm through a special tube. The walls of the cavity gradually become sclerotic and overgrown. Drainage is a less traumatic method than trepanation, but it involves a long-term presence of the drainage tube in the skull.
• Endoscopic method, when local punctures are made in the skull, through which the cyst is drained. This method is considered the least traumatic, but not all neoplasms can be "reached" with an endoscope.

Removal of a cyst located on the cervix

Cystic formations of this nature are removed by puncturing, cryotherapy, and laser. Cryotherapy involves gentle treatment of the cyst with liquid nitrogen. However, after such an operation they tend to recur, so laser therapy is considered the most effective method. Laser therapy removes both the neoplasm itself and coagulates the vessels to prevent bleeding, and the laser also removes tissues affected by the inflammatory process.

Removal of a cyst, wherever it is located and whatever its type, is always the choice of the attending physician. Today, open surgeries are performed in exceptional cases when radical intervention cannot be avoided. In all other situations, the "gold standard" is considered to be the laparoscopic method as a basis - low-traumatic removal of the cyst.

What is a cyst?

The definition of cyst comes from the Greek word - kystis, which means hollow or bubble. This is a hollow neoplasm, which can contain contents of different structures - from liquid to purulent with blood. The pathogenesis of cyst development is also different and their species diversity depends on it, which can be as follows:

• Cysts that appear in all tissues and organs that have a glandular structure are retention cysts. The cystic formation blocks the excretory ducts of the organ, causing intensive production of secretory fluid. The fluid accumulates in the organ, increasing both its walls and the walls of the excretory duct. Retention formations most often form in the mammary glands, less often in the salivary glands.
• Cystic formations that appear as a result of necrosis of an organ or part of tissue. Such neoplasms are called ramolitic and are formed most often in the foci of the brain, in bone tissue.
• A cyst that is a consequence of tissue damage, subcutaneous tissue, or organ injury. These are traumatic cystic formations of the liver, pancreas, and other organs.
• In cysticercosis and echinococcosis, the cyst is a consequence of parasitic invasion and is a cavity that encloses the parasite itself.
• Congenital cystic formation is a consequence of genetic disorders or intrauterine pathologies. Such tumors are called dysontogenetic.

Removal of a cyst is usually a surgical intervention if it is a large neoplasm, if its cavity contains pus or blood, if the cyst significantly disrupts the functions of the organ in which it is localized. Let's consider some types of cysts and the methods by which cyst removal is performed.