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Ophthalmologist

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Convergent strabismus (esotropia)

Alexey Portnov, medical expert
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024

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Eisotropy is a form of strabismus, in which the optic axes converge. The esotropia can be paralytic or friendly, permanent or cyclic, monocular or alternating, connected and not associated with accommodation.

trusted-source [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]

The main causes of convergent strabismus (esotropia):

Congenital esotropy
Duane Syndrome
Accomodative esotropy
Defeat of the abducent nerve (one-sided or bilateral)
Spasm of convergence (more often of psychogenic origin)
Tonic spasm of convergence as part of the dorsal midbrain syndrome.
Acute thalamic esotropia
Rear internuclear ophthalmoplegia (pseudo-abdotsens)
Neuromyotonia
Insufficient divergence
Divergence paralysis
Cyclic oculomotor paralysis (in the spastic phase)
Syndrome of nystagmus blockade (strabismus, in which the eyes and head assume a position minimizing nystagmus).
Defeat of the abducent nerve with contracture of the antagonist muscle (ipsilateral straight muscle) in the recovery phase.
Myasthenia gravis
Infringement of the medial rectus muscle (with trauma)
Dysthyreoidal orbitopathy (rare)
Pathological processes in orbit
Encephalopathy Wernicke
Chiari malformation
Diseases of the striated muscles.

Monocular nystagmus

Acquired monocular blindness (nystagmus on the side of the blind eye)
Amblyopia
An infarction of the brain stem (thalamus and oral sections of the brain stem)
Ictal nystagmus
Internuclear and pseudo-nuclear ophthalmoplegia
Multiple sclerosis
Nystagmus with monocular ophthalmoplegia
Pseudonystagm (the fascism of the century)
Myocardium of the upper oblique muscle
Spasmus nutans.

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