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Ophthalmologist, ocular surgeon

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Classification of myopia

Alexey Portnov, medical expert
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024

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Clinical classification of myopia prof. Avetisova

By degree:
- weak - up to 3.0 Dpt;
- average - 3,25-6,0 diopters;
- high - 6.25 D and above.
By equality or inequality of refraction of both eyes:
- isometropic;
- anisometropic.
By the presence of astigmatism.
By age of occurrence:
- congenital:
- Early-acquired:
- emerged at school age;
- late acquired.
With the flow:
- stationary;
- slowly progressing;
- rapidly progressing (more than 1 diopter per year).
By the presence of complications:
- complicated;
- uncomplicated.
According to the form and stage of the process with complications:
- in shape (disk, macular (dry and moist), peripheral, widespread, vitreal, mixed);
- by the stage of morphological changes (initial, developed, mixed);
- at the stage of functional changes (I - visual acuity better than the seeing eye with the usual correction of 0.8-0.5, II - 0.4-0.3: III - 0.2-0.05, IV - 0.2-0.05 In this case, stage II and III correspond to the categories of the visually impaired, and IV - blindness).

In addition to true myopia, there are still different forms of pseudomyopia, or false myopia:

proper pseudo-myopia or spasm of accommodation;
night myopia or empty field myopia, by which is meant the shift of refraction toward the myopia in conditions of low illumination or non-oriented space, caused by the so-called dark focus of accommodation:
transient or induced myopia (caused by drugs, general or local pathological processes).

trusted-source [1], [2], [3], [4],