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Ophthalmologist, oculoplastic surgeon

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Classification of myopia

Alexey Kryvenko, medical expert
Last reviewed: 06.07.2025

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Clinical classification of myopia by Professor E.S. Avetisov

By degree:
- weak - up to 3.0 Dpt;
- average - 3.25-6.0 Dptr;
- high - 6.25 D and above.
According to equality or inequality of refraction of both eyes:
- isometropic;
- anisometropic.
By the presence of astigmatism.
By age of occurrence:
- congenital:
- early acquired:
- arising in school age;
- late acquired.
Downstream:
- stationary;
- slowly progressive;
- rapidly progressing (more than 1 diopter per year).
By the presence of complications:
- complicated;
- uncomplicated.
By form and stage of the process in case of complications:
- by form (peridiscal, macular (dry and wet), peripheral, widespread, vitreous, mixed);
- by the stage of morphological changes (initial, developed, mixed);
- by the stage of functional changes (I - visual acuity of the better seeing eye with normal correction 0.8-0.5; II - 0.4-0.3: III - 0.2-0.05; IV - 0.2-0.05; while stages II and III correspond to the category of low vision, and IV - blindness).

In addition to true myopia, there are also various forms of pseudomyopia, or false myopia:

pseudomyopia or spasm of accommodation;
night myopia or empty field myopia, which is understood as a shift in refraction towards myopia in conditions of low light or orientationless space, caused by the so-called dark focus of accommodation:
transient or induced myopia (caused by drugs, general or local pathological processes).

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