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Classification of arterial hypotension
Last reviewed: 04.07.2025
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Currently, several classifications of hypotonic conditions have been proposed. The first classification was adopted at the 20th International Congress in Montpellier (France) in 1926, according to which primary and secondary arterial hypotension were distinguished. The classification of N.S. Molchanov (1962) has found the greatest practical application. The advantage of this classification is considered to be the identification of the concept of physiological hypotension.
Classification of hypotonic conditions (according to N.S. Molchanov)
Physiological hypotension:
- hypotension as an individual variant of the norm;
- hypertensive hypotension (in athletes);
- adaptive compensatory hypotension in highland residents.
Pathological hypotension.
- Primary arterial hypotension (neurocirculatory hypotension):
- with unstable reversible flow;
- severe persistent form (hypotonic disease);
- with orthostatic syndrome.
- Symptomatic (secondary) arterial hypotension:
- acute;
- chronic;
- with pronounced orthostatic syndrome.
Arterial hypotension is considered physiological in the absence of clinical manifestations of the disease: no complaints, no symptoms of autonomic dysfunction. In this case, reduced blood pressure can be considered an age norm.
Arterial hypotension is considered primary in the case of prevalence of pronounced dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system in the clinical picture.
Arterial hypotension is considered secondary or symptomatic if it occurs against the background of diseases of the kidneys, endocrine system (hypothyroidism, Addison's disease), gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular system (congenital and acquired heart defects, myocarditis, dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, exudative pericarditis), central nervous system, and medication intake.
Types of arterial hypotension depending on the presence of cerebral blood supply disorders:
- without cerebrovascular accidents;
- with dynamic cerebrovascular accident.
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