Causes of vegeto-vascular dystonia

The most significant causes of vegetative-vascular dystonia are unhealthy lifestyle habits and, above all, low physical activity, prolonged (more than 3-6 hours) work on the computer and watching TV, alcohol abuse, toxic and drug addiction, leading to destabilization of the autonomic nervous system with the formation of vegetative-vascular dystonia. Chronic foci of infection, hypertension-hydrocephalic syndrome, osteochondrosis, syncope contribute to the development of vegetative-vascular dystonia. A major role in the occurrence of vegetative-vascular dystonia belongs to a burdened heredity for arterial hypertension, other cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, especially the presence of these diseases in parents under the age of 55. Both excess and insufficient body weight, as well as excessive salt consumption, have a negative effect.

Classification of vegetative-vascular dystonia

There is no generally accepted classification of vegetative-vascular dystonia. Depending on the predominant clinical manifestation of vegetative-vascular dystonia (disorders of cardiac activity or regulation of arterial pressure with its pathological increase or decrease), V.P. Nikitin (1962) and N.N. Savitsky (1964) proposed to distinguish three of its types: cardiac, hypertensive and hypotensive. However, not all clinicians consider this classification to reflect the actual number and essence of clinical and pathogenetic variants of vegetative-vascular dystonia, and the very possibility of their reflection in the direction of changes in arterial pressure is debated. In vegetative-vascular dystonia, complaints of patients with high and low arterial pressure often coincide, which indicates the commonality of the leading circulatory disorders that are not causally related to changes in arterial pressure, but only integrally reflect deviations in systemic hemodynamics.

V.I. Makolkin, S.A. Abakumov (1985) proposed a working classification of vegetative-vascular dystonia indicating the leading etiological factor, the main clinical syndromes and the severity of the disease.

• Etiology:
  • psychogenic (neurotic);
  • infectious-toxic;
  • dyshormonal;
  • physical overexertion;
  • mixed;
  • essential (constitutional-hereditary);
  • physical and professional factors.
• Syndrome:
  • cardialgic;
  • tachycardiac;
  • hyperkinetic;
  • asthenic;
  • astheno-neurotic;
  • vegetative-vascular dystonia;
  • respiratory disorders;
  • myocardial dystrophy.
• Severity:
  • easy:
  • average;
  • heavy.

At the same time, it should be recognized that the classification of V.P. Nikitin (1962) and N.N. Savitsky (1964) has become widespread. It is used as the main one due to its simplicity, and also because among patients with vegetative-vascular dystonia of each type, predominant groups with a certain commonality of disease manifestations and their pathogenesis are still found.

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