Causes of jaundice

Jaundice develops in many infectious diseases, especially in icteric forms of acute viral hepatitis A, B, C and E. Acute viral hepatitis mixed aetiology (mainly viral hepatitis B and viral hepatitis D, other combinations are extremely rare), and also with superinfection with hepatitis viruses in patients with chronic hepatitis.

Infectious diseases that occur with jaundice

Name of the disease or pathogen	Differential diagnostic criteria
Acute HGA-VGE	Epidemiological anamnesis, cyclicity of the course, presence of symptoms of the pre-jaundiced period, markers of the acute phase of viral hepatitis, high activity of ALT
Epstein-Barr Virus	The icteric form of hepatitis develops in 5-10% of cases of infectious mononucleosis. Hepatolyenal syndrome, symptoms of EBV infection. ALT activity increased slightly
Yellow fever, other GL	Epidemiological anamnesis, jaundice with fever and hemorrhagic syndrome
Other viruses	Very rarely, hepatitis is caused by ECHO, Coxsackie, HSV, rubella, measles, varicella, parvovirus B19 (viral hepatitis, unspecified) or GBV-C, SEN, TTV
Mycosis	Granulomatous infiltration of the liver and spleen is possible, with histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, coccidiomycosis - without severe clinical symptoms, after recovery there are calcinates
DMV infection	In newborns - hepatomegaly, jaundice, congenital developmental defects; in adults - a mononucleosis-like disease with signs of hepatitis, can develop after blood transfusions; in HIV-infected patients develops in advanced stages of the disease

Bacteriosis

Tuberculosis	Granulomatous hepatitis, jaundice is rare, significantly increased activity of alkaline phosphatase
Salmonellosis	Jaundice develops rarely, with a generalized course - a liver abscess
Abscess of the liver	Can develop with many bacterioses (especially gram-negative), abscesses in other organs are possible, fever, the presence of focal lesions in the liver with ultrasound: changes in the general blood test, positive blood culture
Listeriosis	Disease of sapronotic and zoonotic nature, taking place as a septic process with the defeat of many organs, including the liver. Possible development of acute hepatic encephalopathy. To confirm the diagnosis, it is necessary to obtain blood culture, sowing of cerebrospinal fluid, amniotic fluid, etc.
Yersiniosis (generalized form)	Against the background of other symptoms of iersinioznoy infection (polyarthritis, exanthem, fever) sometimes develops hepatitis. The course is benign

Spirochetosis

Leptospirosis	Epidemiological history, bright jaundice on a background of a fever, simultaneous defeat of kidneys, a hemorrhagic syndrome
Syphilis	The newborns are enlarged liver and spleen; in adults - hepatitis with jaundice in the secondary period or gum - in the tertiary
Recurrent typhus	Epidemiological anamnesis, intoxication syndrome, hepatomegaly, jaundice develops rarely

Protozooses

Malaria	Epidemiological anamnesis, hepatosplenomegaly. Hepatic jaundice, typical temperature curve, anemia
Leishmaniasis	With visceral leishmaniasis, the liver and spleen, fever, anemia and thrombocytopenia, parasite detection in blood smears or puncture of the bone marrow
Amybiasis	Extraintestinal manifestation of amebiasis is amebic liver abscess (usually single, with liquid white contents), which occurs with symptoms of intoxication without obvious signs of colitis. The liver is enlarged, but the functions are broken slightly
Toxoplasmosis	Usually asymptomatic chronic infection of internal organs without disrupting function: in children infected with transplacental - defeat of the central nervous system and other organs, jaundice, congenital malformations; when reactivating the disease in HIV-infected people - meningoencephalitis

Helminthiases

Echinococcosis	One or more bubbles with a capsule, reaching a large size; the course of the disease is asymptomatic, the liver function has been preserved for a long time: diagnosis clarification - with ultrasound. Detection of antibodies in the blood
Alveococcosis
Fascioloz	In acute fascioliasis, fever, enlargement and soreness of the liver, eosinophilia: in the case of chronic fasciolitis, cholangitis. Biliary fibrosis; detection of immature eggs in stool or bile test
Clonorchosis	Cholangitis, cholelithiasis, cholangiocarcinoma
Toxocarosis	Hepatomegaly, granulomas, zosinophilia
Schistosomiasis	Gradual enlargement of the liver and spleen, fibrosis, portal hypertension syndrome

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7]