Asthenoteratozoospermia in men: the reasons for what to do and treatment

Remembering the filling of classes and groups of kindergartens in Soviet times, you begin to realize with alarm the fact that the birth rate in the countries of the former CIS has recently declined. There are a lot of reasons for this, but the most sad of them is a medical problem called infertility. At the same time, problems with the conception of a child in 40% of cases arise through the fault of men. True, many of them do not want to admit this, considering the absence of problems with ejaculation guaranteeing a woman's pregnancy and not suspecting the presence of such male pathologies as asthenoteratozoospermia, akinospermia and some others, often facing an insurmountable obstacle to paternity.

What is asthenoteratozoospermia?

Hearing such an unusual and long name for the disease, many men and women are wondering: what kind of diagnosis and how asthenoteratozoospermia can affect their ability to become parents, because this is not the problem of one person, but of the entire married couple.

Despite the fact that the name of the pathology resembles a veterinary term, it reflects the processes occurring in the body of human sexually mature males, or simply men. The very word "asthenoteratozoospermia" consists of three parts equivalent in meaning:

• "Asthen" from the term asthenia, i.e. Weakening,
• "Teratos" in translation from Greek means freak or ugliness,
• "Zoo" is an animal, indicates a connection with the living world,
• "Sperm" is the same as the sperm, male seed.

Speaking literally, this disease is reduced to the weakening and ugliness of the living seed.

In order to understand what can cause this disease in men, it is a little to understand when, how and under what conditions sperm (or seminal fluid) is formed, containing "building" material for the emergence of a new life.

The development of boys in the pubertal period is marked by the onset of spermatogenesis, which is the most complicated sequential process of cell division and transformation: from primary sex cells (gonocytes) to mature spermatozoa. This process is quite lengthy. For complete spermatogenesis, an average of 73 to 75 days may be required. Beginning at the age of 12-13 years, the process of sperm formation in men lasts continuously and stops only in a very old age.

Where does the process of sperm formation take place? To do this, a special place is placed in the body of the man - testicles located in the scrotum, which is specially placed outside the body to maintain the appropriate temperature.

The fact is that for the maturation of spermatozoa, the optimal temperature is 1 or 2 degrees below body temperature. Higher temperatures cause not only the cessation of the process of sperm formation, but also the death of already matured spermatozoa. While the decrease in the optimal temperature adversely affects only spermatogenesis, while mature spermatozoa continue to live in the body of a man for about a month.

Sami spermatozoa are microscopic unicellular structures that look like tadpoles. They consist of a head containing the nucleus of the cell, carrying genetic material, the middle part (neck and transitional section) and flagella (the same tail), which serves to actively move the sperm in the seminal fluid. The goal in spermatozoa is one - an egg that is produced in the female body and when merged with the male seed forms the germ of a new life.

The nucleus of the spermatozoon carries genetic information that determines the sex of the unborn child. Its chromosomal set contains one of the chromosomes - Y (androspermia) or X (gynospermia). In turn, the egg contains only X-chromosomes. The connection of chromosomes of type XX indicates that a woman develops a female fetus inside her, XY type indicates the imminent birth of a male child.

Male organism in the process of ejaculation secrete about 2-5 ml of sperm. In 1 ml of seminal fluid can be found from 60 to 120 million spermatozoa. But, in spite of the fact that one such "zhivchik" is enough for the fertilization of an ovum, the probability of fertilization of an egg significantly decreases with a decrease in the number of active spermatozoa.

The fact is that not all spermatozoa get normal development. Among them there are those who have an irregular structure, weakened individuals with a small speed of movement and others that are unable to fertilize. The presence in the sperm of more than 20% of such pathological individuals is already considered a deviation from the norm and may well affect the ability to become a father.

Epidemiology

As already mentioned, the decline in the birth rate, which is approaching the critical indicators every year, can not but alarm. And the fault here is not only the difficult economic and political situation in the country, because of which people are simply afraid to acquire offspring. More and more young families (for today it is about 8%) face the problem of impossibility of conception due to infertility of one or both spouses.

Statistics are cruel, and 40% of childless families become so precisely because of male infertility, no matter how men would like to believe that such a concept does not exist. But the same statistics also show that most men after the treatment are still able to conceive a child, except that they are only severe severe stages of the disease, in which the number of healthy spermatozoa is significantly below the norm, or they are completely absent.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5]

Causes of the asthenoteratozoospermia

The causes of infertility in men can be various pathologies:

• Akinospermia, when there is no sperm secretion during ejaculation.
• Azoospermia, when there are no spermatozoa in the ejaculate isolated.
• Oligozoospermia - insufficient quantity of spermatozoa in seminal fluid.
• Asthenozoospermia - weakening and low activity of spermatozoa.
• Teratozoospermia - disorders in the structure (morphology) of spermatozoa (the shape of the head has been altered, down to its absence, the body is elongated or with curvatures, there is no tail, bifurcation of the sperm tail, etc.), so that their ability to move in a given direction they begin to move back or in a circle).

But there are also pathologies that combine several of the above-described violations. It can be said that asthenoteratozoospermia is not a single disease, but 2 in 1. In this pathology, there are violations characteristic of both asthenozoospermia and teratozoospermia. So, in the seminal fluid, both weak, inactive spermatozoa and spermatozoa with disturbances in structure and functioning are found, and therefore the total volume of active seed is markedly reduced.

[6], [7], [8], [9]

Risk factors

Despite the fact that the pathologies of male sperm have been described for a long time, the exact reason why a significant part of spermatozoa in men with asthenoteratozoospermia is weakened or has an irregular morphological structure is still not possible. Nevertheless, it is possible to clearly identify certain risk factors that may lead to the development of this pathology.

1. Frequent causes of asthenoteratozoospermia are those transmitted by men at any age, infectious or viral diseases. Especially in terms of negative impact on the sex glands is worth noting the epidemic parotitis, known to many as "mumps".

Probably, more than once had to hear from wise grandmothers that this disease is very dangerous for boys in the development of male infertility in the future. True in childhood, the disease most often occurs easily, which can not be said about the pathology that develops in an adult male. One of its complications is the inflammation of the testicles with a high probability of their atrophy with insufficient treatment.

Even more dangerous in this regard are fungal and bacterial infections that are sexually transmitted. Chlamydia, trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, genital herpes and other pathologies of the infectious plan adversely affect the formation and development of spermatozoa.

Risk factors for the development of asthenoteratozoospermia include infectious and inflammatory diseases of the reproductive system in men, such as orchitis, epididymitis epididymis, prostatitis, etc.

1. A factor that provokes a violation of the process of maturation of spermatozoa and the development of asthenoteratozoospermia can also be traumas of the genital organs of a man, especially the testes.
2. Nature ordered that spermatozoa formed and ripen under special conditions, at a temperature of the order of 35 degrees. An increase in temperature in the scrotum due to overheating while visiting the sauna and sauna, taking a hot bath, wearing tight underwear from dense material that does not allow air to pass through can lead to pathologies of sperm development and cause a man for a long time can not become a father.
3. Negative effects on the male sex glands can also be produced by harmful radiation (ultraviolet rays, X-rays, etc.), which leads to mutations of the chromosome set, which subsequently affects the development of the fetus.
4. The influence of toxic substances on the body can not bypass the reproductive system of men. The constant poisoning of the body with alcohol, nicotine, and narcotic substances leads to a change in the structure of the seminiferous tubules in the testicles, where spermatozoa just ripen. This increases the likelihood of the development of such a pathology as agglutination, in which spermatozoa coagulate, so that they lose mobility and the ability to fertilize the egg.
5. Congenital anomalies of the structure of the testicles can cause poor semen or insufficient quantity of sperm. These include the pathology of quantity (anarchism, or lack of testicles, monochromism, or the presence of only one testis, polychorism, or the number of testicles greater than 2) and quality (hypoplasia, or hypoplasia of the testicles, cryptorchidism, not the descent of one or both testicles into the scrotum) .
6. Hormonal disorders associated with an imbalance of estrogen, prolactin and testosterone, can not but affect the work of the gonads in men, causing various pathologies of sperm. In this case, both a low level of testosterone and an increased level of prolactin are dangerous. The increased production of the female sex hormone estrogen makes a man effeminate and reduces his reproductive capacity.

Disorders of the thyroid function (for example, hypothyroidism) is a fairly common cause of infertility in both women and men.

Diabetes mellitus, like any other endocrine disease, can affect the production and activity of spermatozoa, among others, often provoking a pathology of sperm such as asthenoteratozoospermia.

7. Poor nutrition, when a man loses the necessary for the production of spermatozoa and maintain libido vitamins (mainly vitamins B _9, A and E), in some cases can provoke diseases in which there is a decrease in the number of active spermatozoa, as well as their activity.

[10], [11], [12], [13],

Symptoms of the asthenoteratozoospermia

Many pathologies that ultimately lead to male infertility, it is simply impossible to determine by some external signs. Such pathologies include asthenoteratozoospermia.

External genitalia in men with this pathology usually have a normal shape and size. Yes, and problems with ejaculation in most of them is not observed, except that asthenoteratozoospermia will be joined by another pathology, for example, akinospermia.

By the way, it often happens that when you see a doctor, not one but several pathologies are found. Yes, and the diagnosis of asthenoteratozoospermia is a direct confirmation of this, because it includes immediately 2 diagnoses, but there are no external symptoms of pathology.

Pain sensations or a feeling of heaviness in the genital area with asthenoteratozoospermia can be felt only if this pathology has arisen against a varicocele, which is a varicose veins of the spermatic cord. The pain in this case is caused by a significant expansion of the vein, which in many cases is even probed, but they do not indicate asthenoteratozoospermia in any way.

Pain sensations and discomfort can also be observed with inflammatory diseases of the reproductive organs, in particular the testicles. In this case, the analysis of sperm will show an excess of the number of leukocytes (more than 1 million particles in 1 ml of ejaculate). Asthenoteratozoospermia has nothing to do with this, it is rather a concomitant disease called leukospermia (or pyospermia).

The first, and perhaps already belated signs of asthenoteratozoospermia are multiple unsuccessful attempts to conceive a child. But even here there can be a double-edged sword. Infertility in men can be caused by other causes. For example, if there is a small volume of secreted semen during ejaculation, the cause of infertility is likely to be not asthenoteratozoospermia, but oligospermia, because the less sperm, the fewer active spermatozoa that can fertilize the egg. Nevertheless, both pathologies can exist in the body of a man and at the same time.

Sometimes, however, there is a reverse situation. Sperm during sexual intercourse stands out very much, but conception does not occur, and if it does, it ends in miscarriage. Now we are talking about polyspermy, in which active spermatozoa simply interfere with each other to fertilize the egg or penetrate into it not in a single quantity.

The chances of a normal conception become even smaller if the spermatozoa have morphological disturbances and are not active enough; asthenoteratozoospermia and polyspermia are present simultaneously.

[14], [15], [16]

Stages

On this basis, several degrees of severity or stages of asthenoteratozoospermia are distinguished as violations of spermatogenesis:

• 1 stage. The semen contains at least 50% of active spermatozoa with normal morphology.
• 2 stage. The number of healthy spermatozoa varies between 30 and 50%.
• 3 severity of pathology is established if healthy and active spermatozoa in the ejaculate is less than 30%.

[17], [18], [19]

Forms

As for the classification of asthenoteratozoospermia as a sperm pathology, here we are talking not about the types of this pathology, but about the severity (or neglect) of the process of sperm formation and maturation.

Considering the activity of spermatozoa in the ejaculate under a microscope, we can distinguish several of their species (groups), differing mobility and direction of motion:

• Group A - active spermatozoa with a speed of about 30 cm per hour. They move only forward.
• Group B - passive spermatozoa with a small speed, which also move forward.
• Group C - active spermatozoa with good speed, but disturbed by the trajectory of motion. They either move backwards, or make rotational movements in a circle, as a result of which they are unable to reach the goal.
• Group D - immobile sperm or reproductive cells with very low movement speed.

The quality of the sperm largely depends on the ratio of the spermatozoids in it. Not all spermatozoa even in normal sperm are active and with the correct trajectory. Ideally, group A spermatozoa should be at least 25% of the total number, and the total number of spermatozoa of groups A and B should not be less than 50%. Lower values are already considered as deviations from the norm.

[20], [21], [22], [23], [24]

Complications and consequences

Speaking about whether astenoteratozoospermia can have consequences for men and health, complications, it is necessary to understand that the pathological indicators of sperm are reflected only in reproductive capacity. The danger to health is only a depressive state of the patient, aware that the blame for the absence of a child in the family lies only on him.

Nevertheless, after passing the appropriate treatment, many men are quite capable of becoming fathers of their own children. The main thing is to ask for help as soon as possible, until the process has received a complicated development.

On the question of whether it is possible to become pregnant with asthenoteratospermia naturally, there is no definite answer. Everything depends on the sperm count and the effectiveness of the treatment. And, of course, from the desire of the man himself to become a father.

If, for a long time, denying one's incompetence as a continuer of the family and leading the old way of life, shifting all the blame to women, it is possible to achieve that asthenoteratozoospermia will reach its last stage, and then it will be necessary to forget about the possibility of ever becoming the father of one's own child.

[25], [26]

Diagnostics of the asthenoteratozoospermia

The insidiousness of asthenoteratozoospermia, which is often a barrier to paternity, is the absence of any symptomatology that would point to this pathology. The diagnosis in the vast majority of cases is accidental and unexpected. Pathology is found either during the examination of the patient for other male and sometimes common diseases, or when contacting the spouses for advice in connection with the impossibility of conceiving a child while searching for the causes that led to infertility.

It is best if the male is examined by a male andrologist, who will assign laboratory and instrumental studies that are effective in this situation, aimed at identifying the pathology itself and its causes. To help the doctor determine the problem a little and assign appropriate diagnostic methods as an external examination of the patient plus palpation, which allows revealing such pathologies as varicocele and tumor processes in the external genital organs, as well as studying the situation from the patient's words (past illnesses, traumas, P.).

The main diagnostic method for asthenoteratizoospermia is the spermogram, during which both the qualitative composition of the sperm and its biochemical characteristics are examined. The study is carried out 2 or 3 times with an interval of 2 weeks. In this case, the man will be asked to prepare for the sperm analysis, abstaining from sexual activity for 3-5 days, avoiding overheating of the genitals, drinking alcohol and nicotine, and great physical exertion.

In a specially reserved room for the sperm room, a man must first empty the bladder and perform a hygienic cleaning of the genitals, and then use masturbation to collect all the sperm that is secreted into the container.

Further fresh sperm (shelf life not less than an hour) is examined under a microscope. To identify and count leukocytes use special tinting substances.

With asthenoteratozoospermia, deciphering the spermogram will show the presence of a large number of spermatozoa of group C and D, as well as the above described disorders of the structure of spermatozoa.

Other diagnostic methods

The most preferred diagnostic method for asthenoteratozoospermia is the study using the Kruger technique, which allows not only to calculate the number of modified spermatozoa, but also to determine the following quantitative indicators: the average number of pathologies per reproductive cell (index of sperm disorders) and the average indicator of the number of pathologies that are observed spermatozoa with structural disorders (teratozoospermia index).

When asthenoteratozoospermy, additional laboratory tests that help to identify the cause of the pathological condition include blood tests (general, biochemical, for sugar). You may also need special studies of the endocrine glands responsible for the hormonal background of the body.

In most cases, the doctor prescribes tests that detect infectious pathogens. These include a study of a smear from the urethra and a blood test for antibodies.

Some failures in the functioning of the immune system can have negative consequences in terms of reproduction. The body can begin to produce protective cells, which, as enemies, perceive spermatozoa, blocking their movement. To detect specific antibodies, an analysis is carried out for antisperm antibodies, which is called the MAR test.

If a large number of "ugly" sperms are found in the ejaculate, a genetic examination of the patient's blood may be required.

Instrumental diagnostics is carried out with the help of ultrasound of genital organs (testicles) and pelvic organs, as well as computed tomography of the same organs.

[27], [28], [29], [30]

Differential diagnosis

Differential diagnosis is carried out mainly with teratozoospermia and asthenospermia. The difference between asthenoteratozoospermia and teratozoospermia is that at the latter there is only a violation of the morphology of spermatozoa without reducing their activity. With asthenospermia, there is a decrease in sperm activity, but their structure remains unchanged.

Treatment of the asthenoteratozoospermia

Expecting the positive results of asthenoteratozoospermia treatment, it is necessary to understand that this process will take some time (remember that full spermatogenesis is carried out within 73-75 days!) And will require certain efforts on the part of the patient.

Moreover, drug treatment is not prescribed in all cases of asthenoteratozoospermia. To change the parameters of the spermogram for the better, in some cases it was enough to change the way of life and nutrition, as well as the rejection of bad habits. With this diagnosis, this requirement is not just a whim of a doctor, but a medical measure.

It is unlikely that it will be possible to influence the already formed spermatozoa by means of drugs and proper nutrition, but it is still possible to establish the process of spermatogenesis with the formation of new, healthy spermatozoa in most cases.

And here vitamins that can normalize spermatogenesis in men with asthenoteratozoospermia come to their aid. At the forefront vitamin B ₉, also known as folic acid, which stimulates the formation of morphologically correct and strong reproductive cells.

Folic acid can be purchased in pharmacies in the form of tablets with the same name. Take the pill after eating. The recommended daily dose is 5 tablets, but the doctor normally sets the effective dosage for asthenoteratosis-ospermia individually.

Side effects of the drug very little. Sometimes the medication is accompanied by nausea and dyspepsia, bitterness in the mouth. There may also be observed allergic reactions of varying severity, due to the individual characteristics of the body.

Contraindications to the use of vitamin B ₉ are: hypersensitivity to the drug, malignant formations and anemia, non-cobalamin deficient therapy.

It assists the absorption of folic acid and stimulates the regenerative processes in the body and vitamin E. It also controls the level of testosterone in the body, which positively affects spermatogenesis.

The doctor can appoint both the intake of pure vitamin E, and in the complex preparations (AEVIT, Selzinc-plus, etc.).

Drugs prescribed by doctors for asthenoteratozoospermia are classified as natural remedies or dietary supplements. No exception is the preparation "Selzinc-plus", which belongs to the category of combined antioxidants. In its composition we find: zinc, selenium, vitamins E and C, beta-carotene.

Take the drug 1 tablet once a day. However, it rarely causes undesirable reactions in the form of an allergy to the drug, due to hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.

The drug of choice for astenoteratozoospermia is the "Spermaktin" supplements . It is effective for any violations of spermatogenesis, as it is able to normalize metabolic processes, improve quantitative and qualitative sperm counts that affect the ability of sperm to fertilize the egg.

Method of application and dosage. The drug is produced in the form of powder, packaged in bags of 5 g. Powder is bred in half a glass of water or any non-alcoholic beverage and taken with food. Single dose - 5 g. The frequency of admission - 2 or 3 times a day.

Reception of a medicine can be accompanied by unpleasant sensations from the gastrointestinal tract. Not suitable "Spermaktin" only for men who have been shown to be sensitive to the components of dietary supplements.

To increase the level of testosterone, improve the amount and mobility of spermatozoa, the plant preparation "Tribestan" is also used .

Take it 3 times a day after meals in the amount of 1 or 2 tablets. The course of treatment will be 3 months or more with possible repetitions until the state stabilizes.

Side effects: allergic manifestations and reactions associated with an irritant effect on the gastrointestinal mucosa.

Contraindications: severe diseases of the cardiovascular system and kidneys, age under 18 years, hypersensitivity to the drug.

Drug treatment must necessarily be combined with an active, healthy lifestyle and a correct, vitamin-rich diet.

Since asthenoteratozoospermia can coexist with other diseases, and some of them are even possible causes of this pathology, the doctor primarily prescribes treatment of the underlying disease. With an infectious factor, this is antimicrobial and antifungal therapy, with the inflammatory process - antibiotic therapy, the use of immunomodulators and anti-inflammatory drugs plus physiotherapy.

Violations of the hormonal background may require the use of hormone therapy.

Sometimes, with congenital anomalies, doctors can resort to surgical treatment. Surgical intervention may be required in case of varicocele, which caused astenoteratozoospermia, as well as in case of detection of scars and adhesions that impede the movement of spermatozoa.

Possibilities of conception in asthenoteratozoospermia

If lifestyle changes and drug therapy do not bring the desired improvement in sperm counts in men, treatment is performed in both spouses.

In the case when the men have improved and the woman is fully capable of conceiving a child, but the pregnancy still does not come, you can try to stimulate the process with the drug Aktifert on the basis of a complex of special plant polysaccharides that can affect the motility and viability of spermatozoa, increasing the likelihood conception.

"Aktifert" with asthenoteratozoospermia is not used by a man, but by his wife. The drug is available in the form of a gel, which must be inserted into the vagina 15 minutes before coition.

By the way, doctors very often appoint "Aktiifer" in connection with its high effectiveness in asthenoteratozoospermia. Only thanks to him many happy married couples managed to acquire offspring without resorting to artificial insemination and adoption.

If no methods and means lead in the desired pregnancy, with asthenoteratospermia, the best way is IVF (in vitro fertilization, in which the fertilization of the egg is carried out outside the mother's body, ie in vitro) or insemination (artificial fertilization of the egg with the partner's sperm without sexual intercourse). In extreme cases, you can use donor sperm.

Do not be afraid of the above procedures, as a result of which the egg taken from a woman is artificially impregnated with an active, healthy sperm isolated from the sperm of a man. With IVF, a fertilized egg later returns back to the body of a woman, and she is able to independently bear and give birth to a strong baby who, according to mental and physical indices, will not differ from her contemporaries naturally conceived.

With insemination, things are even simpler. After all, the artificial fertilization of an egg with an "elected" sperm occurs directly in the body of a woman. And although the father of the future baby is not present at the same time, he can rightly consider himself a participant in the great event - the conception of a new life.

Alternative treatment

Having learned that in some cases the treatment of asthenoteratozoospermia is carried out even without the use of medications, many men try to stimulate this process with the help of alternative recipes, preferring treatment with herbs.

The most popular in this regard are:

• Decoction of leaves and roots of plantain, which improves the motility of spermatozoa. Recipe: 2 tbsp. L. Raw materials pour a glass of boiling water and stand on a water bath for about 30 minutes. Take 15 minutes before meals 3 or 4 times a day in an amount of 1/3 cup.
• Tincture of ginseng, which is used to improve sexual activity and stimulate spermatogenesis. Tincture can be purchased at any pharmacy and take within a month for 15-25 drops 3 times a day. This should be done at least half an hour before meals.
• The tincture of eleutherococcus with asthenoteratozoospermia is applied for the same purpose in courses of 30 days. From 20 to 25 drops diluted in a glass of water and drink on an empty stomach since morning.
• Useful are also tinctures based on lemongrass and rose oil (not without reason roses are considered the most romantic flowers and their petals loving men shower their women).

Alternative treatment is recommended to be done after consulting a doctor, as all of the above described drugs can have contraindications dangerous to health.

[31], [32], [33], [34],

Homeopathy

It should be immediately said that the means of homeopathy are used infertility in men and women in no less than other drugs effective in the therapy of asthenoteratozoospermia. Thanks to homeopathic remedies, it is possible not only to increase sexual desire, but also to normalize spermatogenesis in the body of a man.

In this case, the medicines used in homeopathy are distinguished by relative safety for the organism and great effectiveness in terms of general strengthening effect.

In asthenoteratozoospermia, a homeopathic doctor may prescribe the following drugs:

• Zincum met is a preparation of zinc that improves potency and sperm count.
• Testis compositum, which has a stimulating effect on the sexual glands in men (1 ampoule is administered once intramuscularly or intravenously or as directed by a doctor).
• Selenium - a preparation of selenium, which is able to stimulate the development of a healthy generation of spermatozoa.
• Medorrhinum is an unusual drug based on the use of products of other diseases (in this case, gonorrheal secretions) for the treatment of a certain pathology. Increases the quality of the ejaculate and the number of active spermatozoa in it.
• Yohimbinum D4 is a natural aphrodisiac, which can be taken for a long time to enhance sexual desire, give acuity and improve sperm count. It is especially useful to those men who, because of the understanding of their male insolvency, not only hands have fallen.

The effect of homeopathic therapy can be supported by folic acid intake, and the result of treatment will not be worse than with the use of medications.

Prevention

Measures to prevent infertility in men (they are also therapeutic measures for asthenoteratozoospermia) are primarily:

• observance of a healthy and active way of life,
• correct nutrition, covering the need of the male body in vitamins and trace elements,
• refusal from smoking, alcohol and drugs.

In addition, men are advised to follow certain precautions that will help prevent mechanical and thermal disorders of spermatogenesis:

• Men who dream of becoming a father in the near future, it is better to refuse to wear tight underwear from synthetic fabrics, which creates a certain greenhouse effect, which has a harmful effect on spermatozoa. For the same reason, it is necessary to limit trips to the sauna and sauna.
• Tight underwear can not only create a high temperature in the genital area, but also mechanically affect them, squeezing the penis and testicles, which can also negatively affect the reproductive function
• When riding a bicycle, you need to check that the seat or frame does not press the male's external genitals.
• It is necessary to protect your genitals from injury.
• Stresses can also negatively affect a man's ability to become a father. Avoiding stressful situations, the future father raises his chances of a healthy offspring.
• But regular sex life and without additional conditions can support the probability of becoming a father at a high level.
• Doctors advise on the eve of sexual intercourse to avoid excessive physical exertion, weakening the body of men and the processes occurring in it.
• Control of body weight will not only avoid problems with potency and quality of sperm, but also pathologies of other organs and systems that are associated with excess weight.
• Available in the body, even minor at first glance, bacterial and viral infections must be treated urgently and finally, until they turned into a big problem in the male part.

[35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41]

Forecast

As for the forecast of asthenoteratozoospermia, doctors can not give any guarantees ahead of time. Everything depends on the degree of neglect of the process, the therapeutic procedures carried out and patient's patience. But the most basic, as with most diseases, is still a psychological attitude - understanding and acceptance of the problem, as well as a positive outlook in the future. In severe cases of asthenoteratozoospermia, when the indices of the spermatograms are disappointing, an important role is played by what sacrifices a man agrees to go to eventually become a happy father.

[42], [43]