Testicular cyst removal surgery

Testicular cyst removal is one of the common surgeries performed mostly on men aged 45 years and older. A cyst is a malignant hollow neoplasm. As a rule, the cyst is filled with liquid exudate. The neoplasm is separated from the surrounding tissues by means of a fibrous sheath. In fact, a cyst can form anywhere on the body. It is simply removed through surgery. The surgery is quite simple and is routinely performed by the respective surgeons. Nevertheless, if it is necessary to remove a testicular cyst, as a rule, patients treat the subject sensitively, with a certain measure of embarrassment. Nevertheless, there is no reason to be embarrassed. This topic should be discussed, and know the main nuances of the operation, its peculiarities. [1]

What are the dangers of testicular cysts in men?

First of all, let's understand what is dangerous testicular cyst in men. So, it should be understood that the cyst is a benign neoplasm. With any neoplasm, regardless of whether it is benign or malignant, there is always a risk of malignization, malignant degeneration and further growth. It should also be taken into account that the cyst can grow, blocking natural biological openings, including the urethra. The accumulation of exudate can lead to the development of purulent, inflammatory process, to the further development of suppuration, accumulation of purulent contents. It is worth noting that with the development of an infectious process, there is always a risk of progression of infection, the development of bacteremia and sepsis, its spread to other areas, especially to the kidneys. [2]

A testicular cyst in a child

A child may have a testicular cyst. If a child has a cyst, surgery is indicated in any case. Children undergo surgery if the size of the neoplasm exceeds 1 centimeter. With a smaller size of the pathological neoplasm, surgery can be prevented, while using conservative treatment. It is also necessary to monitor the patient's condition with ultrasound.

A testicular cyst is usually removed if its size exceeds 1 cm, because when it exceeds this size, it begins to grow rapidly, sharply increasing in diameter. Gradually, this leads to stretching of the scrotum, which entails pain and other relevant symptoms. The danger lies in the fact that children are active, move a lot, in connection with which the risk of traumatizing the cyst increases sharply. This can lead to further rupture and suppuration, which is fraught with such consequences as infectious-inflammatory process, bacteremia, sepsis. In addition, due to active metabolism, there is a high risk of malignant neoplasm in children. [3]

Male testicular cysts and infertility

In men, testicular cysts and infertility are closely related. Thus, if there is trauma to the surrounding tissues, the cyst itself or there is bilateral tissue damage, there is a high probability of damage to the reproductive organs and the further development of infertility. It should be borne in mind that the growth of the cyst is accompanied by intense pain syndrome and inflammation. This often leads to the spread of the infectious and inflammatory process to the reproductive organs, in connection with which infertility also develops. Also infertility occurs due to the fact that the cyst violates the secretion of biological fluids, clogs the natural ducts. As a result, the functionality of the excretory ducts is disturbed, congestion develops, sperm motility is impaired, sperm retention occurs, which makes fertilization difficult. [4]

Indications for the procedure

The main indication for testicular cyst removal surgery in men is the presence of a cyst. It is a benign neoplasm formed by connective tissue. The neoplasm is hollow, can be filled with purulent or serous exudate. At the same time, the neoplasm is separated from the surrounding tissues by a layer of connective tissue. Any, even minimal trauma to the cyst can lead to rupture of the neoplasm. Surgery is carried out in the appearance of acute tumescent pain, suppuration, increased body temperature, swelling, the development of inflammation. The development of inflammation and infection should be stopped as soon as possible, as the risk of male infertility increases dramatically. Also, surgery is indicated when the size of the cyst increases, with concomitant damage to the nerves and blood vessels, decreased sensation, numbness and pain in the groin area, impaired blood circulation. In case of disturbance of normal blood circulation, vascular constriction, emergency surgery should be performed. [5]

Technique of the testicular cyst removal

In case of testicular cysts, they are surgically removed. Conservative methods of treatment are not used, as they are ineffective. In addition, time is lost, during which the cyst only increases in size, the risk of complications increases.

There are several techniques for performing the surgery. Classical removal involves the traditional removal of the tumor using a surgical scalpel. There is a tissue incision, subsequent excision of the tumor, suturing of tissues. [6]

Sclerotherapy is a modern technique of excision of the surrounding tissue. This technique is indicated for blood clotting disorders. The procedure can also be recommended for people who have contraindications to traditional surgery. A special needle is inserted into the area of the cyst, which pierces the skin of the scrotum. Then the exudate is pumped out. After that, the needle is reintroduced into the cyst cavity. There are pumped medicines, adhesive substances. Due to these means, the walls of the appendage are glued together.

There is another method - puncture. This method is rarely used. The principle of manipulation has common principles with the principle of scleroderma. A distinctive feature is that after pumping out the contents of the cavity, the introduction of drugs does not occur. The disadvantages of this method are that the cavity can be re-filled with fluid, there is also a high risk of damage to the appendages and testicles.

Laparoscopy is a very effective method of surgical intervention. The essence is that the removal of the cyst is carried out through a laparoscope (endoscope). An endoscope is introduced, through it a scalpel is inserted into the hole, the necessary manipulations are carried out. Removal of the cyst takes place. Then, after the operation, 4 incisions (holes) remain. Often the hole is filled with carbon dioxide, which allows the cavity to expand. This dramatically reduces the risk of complications and trauma to internal and adjacent organs. Often the operation is performed under video surveillance (a special optical device is inserted). Through it is monitored, the image can be displayed outside. They put small stitches on them, or just glued with a plaster. Healing occurs quickly. Scars are practically not left. The risk of complications, and first of all, bacterial and viral infection, inflammation is minimal. The probability of injury is minimal.

As a rule, there are no complications after the procedure. The duration of the procedure does not exceed 30 minutes.

The behavioral technique of the operation is as follows:

1. The surgical site is treated with a special antiseptic.
2. A small incision is made in the area where the cyst is located.
3. A revision of the cavity is performed until a cyst is found.
4. The tumor is excised and removed from the wound.
5. The wound edges are sutured, antiseptic treatment is performed.

Laser removal of cystic neoplasm is possible. The method of operation is similar to the standard traditional technique. There is an advantage of using laser radiation in the process of surgery. With the help of a laser beam, you can subtly control the movements, which allows you to minimize the risk of complications. Also, the advantage is that with this technique there is no direct contact between soft tissue and surgical instrument, so the risk of trauma is significantly reduced and healing is accelerated. [7]

Testicular appendage cyst removal

Removal of testicular appendage cysts is performed using traditional surgical practices, by means of a conventional surgical scalpel. This procedure has certain peculiarities. The operation is performed under general anesthesia, requires preliminary preparation. About a month before the procedure, you need to undergo a special examination, according to the results of which a conclusion will be made regarding the indications and contraindications to the procedure. If the operation is authorized, further preparation is made. For 14 days before the procedure should go on a diet, stop taking medications, if possible. About taking medications should be reported to the anesthesiologist, and the doctor who will perform the operation. The day before the operation, you should reduce your food intake. The last meal should be 7-8 hours before the operation. It should also be taken into account that on the day of the procedure itself, you can not drink, eat, use medicines.

The procedure is simple: first an incision is made, then through a laparoscope or using a scalpel, the removal of the cyst is done, after which the wound edges are sutured and treated. [8]

Contraindications to the procedure

There are certain contraindications to surgery for cyst removal. For example, any surgical intervention is strictly contraindicated in various serious pathologies of the kidneys, liver, cardiovascular system, with intolerance to anesthesia, acute inflammatory and infectious pathologies. Surgery is not performed in the exacerbation of chronic diseases, severe forms of diabetes mellitus, blood clotting disorders, hemophilia, taking anticoagulants.

Consequences after the procedure

As a rule, there are no negative consequences after the procedure. The patient's condition noticeably improves, pain and discomfort cease to bother the person. In the first few days after surgery, pain and swelling at the site of surgical intervention may persist. It also draws attention to the fact that after the procedure, an inflammatory process can develop if the rehabilitation period is not properly observed. [9]

Complications after the procedure

After the procedure, complications are possible, in particular, inflammatory and infectious processes, painful sensations. If antisepsis and asepsis are not observed, infection, inflammatory process may develop. With reduced immunity, the inflammatory-infectious process can progress to the development of tissue necrosis, bacteremia, sepsis. Also possible hernia, divergence of sutures in the case if you do not observe the rehabilitation period, lift weights, walk a lot in the first days after surgery. With reduced immunity, the development of an inflammatory or infectious process, the temperature may rise.

Care after the procedure

After the procedure in the postoperative period, the patient requires care. The period of rehabilitation for each patient is strictly individual and is determined by the peculiarities of the course of the disease, physiological characteristics of the patient. The speed of patient's recovery is determined by how complex the surgical intervention itself was, and also depends largely on the general well-being of the patient, on the state of his health, in particular, on the characteristics of the immune system, the recovery potential of the body.

The majority of patients experience improvement as early as 3-4 days after surgery. In general, the rehabilitation period lasts from one to several months. However, if you strictly follow all the doctor's recommendations, you can return to your usual way of life in 2-3 weeks. During this time there is complete healing of the wound surface, pain and discomfort disappear. In 90% of cases, outpatient care is not required. Therefore, after 2-3 hours, the patient can be discharged home. Nevertheless, at home, the patient should follow the recommendations given by the attending physician.

During the rehabilitation period, the patient must strictly take all medications prescribed by the doctor. It should also be taken into account that in the first days after surgery, swelling and soreness in the area of the operation may persist. A heating pad with ice in the area of the operation can help. It is also recommended to wear a special relieving underwear after surgery. Physical activity should be sharply limited for at least a week. Intimate intimacy is contraindicated, from driving a car for the period of rehabilitation should also be abandoned. The area of the operation should be treated either with specially prescribed means, or with clean water and soap solution. After 10 days, a control examination by a urologist is required. An ultrasound examination is performed, which helps to determine the likelihood of complications or to establish the normal course of rehabilitation. [10]

Treatment of testicular appendage cysts without surgery

Cyst is a benign neoplasm, which itself does not resorb. However, there is a risk of complications, malignant degeneration of the tumor. Therefore, the cyst necessarily requires removal. Treatment of testicular appendage cysts without surgery is impossible. Only surgical treatment is required, since traditional treatment is ineffective. As a supportive treatment that provides control of the condition, anti-infective, anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed. However, this is a temporary measure that allows only partially delay the development and progression of the tumor.

Testimonials

If you analyze the reviews, it can be noted that positive reviews prevail. Basically, the operation is fast, the postoperative period is short. Soreness and swelling disappears in 2-3 days after the operation. Full recovery occurs in 2-3 weeks. As a rule, after a month a man can return to his usual way of life. Only in some cases complications develop. Mostly they develop with improper compliance with the rehabilitation period. Removal of testicular cysts can be considered a relatively simple procedure.