Vaccine storage and transportation conditions

Violations of the temperature regime can cause serious complications. Overheating of a vaccine leads to a decrease in its immunogenicity, freezing of adsorbed vaccines - to their desorption with the rapid flow of antigens into the blood and the development of an allergic reaction. Immunoglobulin freezing and overheating lead to protein aggregation, which causes collaptoid reactions.

Freezing of solvents leads to the formation of microcracks in the ampoule and contamination of its contents. The optimal temperature is 2-8 °, for long-term storage of live virus vaccines - minus 20 °. Vaccines that have been transported or stored with temperature violations, can not be used.

Cold chain

The cold chain includes, as refrigeration equipment, specially trained personnel for its maintenance and a system for monitoring the temperature regime at all stages up to the outpatient clinic, polyclinic, maternity hospital, FAP.

At all levels of the cold chain, receipts and administrations of vaccines are recorded with fixing their number, dates, serial numbers, expiration dates, full names. Responsible. At least 2 times a day, the employee appointed by the order records in the special journal the storage temperature (the thermometer is placed in the middle of the middle shelf) and the readings of the heat indicators. Every institution should have an emergency plan in case of problems in the cold chain.

In the refrigerator (see Fig. 1.1), the vaccines should be positioned so that each package has access to cooled air and that the product with a shorter shelf life is used first. If live vaccines are stored frozen, it is only at minus 20 °; Temporary (not more than 48 hours) temperature rise up to 2-8 ° during transportation is allowed. The shelf life of vaccines stored at minus temperatures is the same as those stored at 2-8 ° C. The shelf life of OPV at a temperature of minus 20 ± 1 ° is 2 years, and at a temperature of 6 ± 2 ° - 6 months, it is recommended to store it at a constant temperature, allowing freezing and thawing no more than 3 times.

To increase the sustainability, live virus vaccines are released with a heat stabilizer, but this does not mean that storage can be disrupted.

The shelf life of the vaccine in primary care facilities (at the 4th level of the cold chain) is up to 1 month. It is necessary to limit the opening of the refrigerator door as much as possible: Even in 30 seconds. Its temperature rises by 8 ° and takes about half an hour to reduce it; Vaccines should not be stored on the refrigerator door. Unloading and loading of thermal containers should be carried out within no more than 10 minutes.

Freezing of vaccines and toxoids, which include adjuvant, as well as solvents for freeze-dried vaccines is not allowed. When they are exported to thermal containers, they use chilled (from 2 to 8 °) but not frozen cold elements.

When co-transporting the lyophilized and adsorbed vaccines, before loading the thermocontainer, the cold elements are conditioned (partially thawed) to prevent the adsorbed MIBPs from freezing in contact with the surface of the frozen cold elements.

Receipt, storage of MIBP in pharmacies and health care facilities, leave their citizens require compliance with the "cold chain" and must be accompanied by:

• a copy of the license for the right to sell MIBP or pharmaceutical activities;
• a copy of the production certificate (with the exception of blood transfusion stations) or a registration certificate for the product being sold;
• the OPF passport of the manufacturer or a copy of the certificate of conformity for the product series being sold.

MIBP is released to citizens on prescription of a doctor (of any form of ownership), subject to the delivery of the drug to the place of use in a thermal container or a thermos with ice for up to 48 hours. On the package date and time are stamped.

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Destruction of vaccines, syringes and needles

The contents of ampoules, vials, disposable syringes with residues of inactivated and live measles, parotitis and rubella vaccines, IG and serums are poured into the shell; glass, needles and syringes are placed in a container without processing (without putting a cap on the needle). Ampoules with residues other live vaccines, tampons before placing the container autoclaved or placed in 1 hour in a 3% chloramine solution and with BCG and BCG-M - 5% solution of bleach or a 3% hydrogen peroxide solution. Filled containers are sealed and sent for incineration. Unused series of drugs, incl. Expired should be sent for destruction to the district administration of Rospotrebnadzor.

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