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Treatment of listeriosis
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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Treatment of listeriosis with a glandular form occurs on an outpatient basis, the rest is shown by hospitalization. Obligatory hospitalization is subject to workers of food enterprises and persons equal to them, as well as pregnant women. Bed rest is necessary for patients with a nervous form, the diet for patients with a gastroenteric form (table number 4).
It is necessary to prescribe antibacterial treatment of listeriosis. When localized (glandular, gastroenteric) form is used one of the following drugs: ampicillin (amoxicillin), co-trimoxazole, erythromycin, tetracycline (doxycycline) in the average therapeutic doses inside.
When generalizing the infection (nervous, septic form), listeriosis of newborns, a combination of ampicillin (adults 8-12 g / day, children 200 mg / kg per day) or amoxicillin + clavulanic acid intravenously (adults 1.2 g three times a day, children 30 mg / kg / day) with gentamycin (5 mg / kg / day) throughout the febrile period and another 5-7 days, and in severe cases up to 2-3 weeks after the temperature normalization. If such treatment of listeriosis is ineffective, it is necessary to replace the antibiotic taking into account the sensitivity of the strain of listeria isolated from the patient. The second-line drugs are vancomycin and third-generation fluoroquinolones. Cephalosporins in listeriosis are ineffective. If necessary, conduct an infusion detoxification, as well as desensitizing and symptomatic therapy, treatment of concomitant diseases.
Treatment of listeriosis in pregnant women is based on the appointment of ampicillin. A woman who gave birth to a child with listeriosis is given a course of antibacterial therapy with ampicillin or doxycycline in two cycles of 7-10 days at intervals of 1.5 months.
Clinical examination
- Women of childbearing age, in whom listeriosis is diagnosed, until they recover completely and negative results of laboratory tests.
- Pregnant from the moment of detection of the disease (carrier) to childbirth.
- Newborns with listeriosis before recovery and negative laboratory results.
- Reconvalence of nervous and septic forms of listeriosis until complete recovery.
[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7]
How to prevent listeriosis?
Specific prevention of listeriosis in humans is not developed; nonspecific includes the control of food products, as provided for by the relevant regulatory documents, and health education among the population, especially at risk groups. Food products for fast food that have not undergone long-term heat treatment (for example, hamburgers), as well as cheese, soft cheeses and raw milk should be excluded from the ration of pregnant women. For the prevention of listeriosis in newborns, it is necessary to examine women with a history of obstetrical gynecological anamnesis, as well as having constant contact with animals. Women with an identified disease, clinically manifested or asymptomatic, should undergo a specific treatment of listeriosis. In obstetric hospitals, listeria monitoring is needed to avoid nosocomial infection.