Strongyloidosis: symptoms

The incubation period of strongyloidiasis is not established.

There are acute (early migratory) and chronic stages of strongyloidiasis. In the majority of cases, the early migratory stage proceeds asymptomatically. In the manifest cases in this period strongyloidosis is dominated by the symptom complex of acute infectious-allergic disease. When percutaneous infection in the place of introduction of larvae, erythematous and maculopapular eruptions occur, accompanied by itching. Patients complain of nonspecific symptoms of strongyloidiasis: general weakness, irritability, dizziness and headache, fever (up to 38-39 ° C). Observed symptoms of bronchitis or pneumonia: cough, sometimes with a trace of blood in the sputum, shortness of breath, bronchospasm. X-ray reveals "flying" infiltrates in the lungs. These symptoms of strongyloidosis last from 2-3 days to a week or more. 2-3 weeks after infection, the majority of patients develop symptoms of gastrointestinal tract damage: blunt or cramping pain in the abdomen, diarrhea followed by constipation, anorexia, salivation, nausea, vomiting. Possible enlargement of the liver and spleen. In peripheral blood, eosinophilia up to 30-60%, leukocytosis, increased ESR. After 2-3 months, the described symptoms of strongyloidiasis subsided and the disease turns into a chronic stage, characterized by polymorphism of clinical manifestations with a predominance of gastrointestinal disturbances (including duodenal-gall-bladder syndrome), functional disorders of the central nervous system and the autonomic nervous system and allergic symptoms.

For the gastrointestinal form of strongyloidosis, a prolonged course with periodic exacerbations of symptoms of gastritis, enteritis, enterocolitis (heartburn, abdominal pain, flatulence, weight loss, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) is characteristic of the gastrointestinal form of strongyloidosis . With intensive invasion, the mucosa ulcerates, the development of intestinal paresis is possible. In such cases, the disease proceeds according to the type of peptic ulcer of duodenum, ulcerative colitis or acute abdomen. Often, with this form of invasion, signs of dyskinesia of the biliary system are observed.

The nervous-allergic form of strongyloidosis occurs with asthenoneurotic syndrome, urticaria rash (linear, ring-shaped) with severe itching. In autosuperinvasia (with delayed larvae in perianal folds due to fecal skin contamination), which is observed more often in persons with mental disorders and low sanitary culture, persistent dermatitis occurs in the perineum, on the buttocks, and on the inner surfaces of the hips.

Possible damage to the respiratory system with the development of asthmatic bronchitis. In the mixed form of strongyloidosis, all manifestations of the disease or some of them can be expressed.

In severe strongyloidosis there is depleting diarrhea with dehydration, malabsorption syndrome, anemia, cachexia. There are serious symptoms of strongyloidiasis: ulcerative lesions of the intestine, often ending with perforated peritonitis, parenchymal dystrophy of the liver, necrotizing pancreatitis. In patients with weakened, alcohol abusers, with immunodeficiency (in AIDS, leukemia, radiation therapy, long-term administration of glucocorticoids, cytotoxic drugs), there is an extremely unfavorable course of strongyloidiasis, which turns into a hyperinvasive and disseminated form. Strongyloid hyperinvasia is caused by a high number of parasites and is characterized by the penetration of filarial larvae into many organs and tissues. Migrating larvae to the brain causes thrombosis of the vessels, edema and rapid death of the patient. With disseminated strongyloidosis, one of the characteristic laboratory signs - eosinophilia - is often absent. Strongyloidosis is classified as AIDS-associated parasitic diseases.

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9],

Complications of strongyloidiasis

Strongyloidosis can be complicated by the development of hyperinvasive syndrome with the severe symptoms listed above, up to a lethal outcome.

[10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15],