What provokes systemic vasculitis?
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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Causes of systemic vasculitis
Systemic vasculitis develops in children with altered reactivity. Among the factors contributing to their occurrence are most significant: frequent acute infectious diseases, foci of chronic infection, drug allergy, hereditary predisposition to vascular or rheumatic diseases. Bacterial or viral infections (streptococcal, hepatitis B or C, viral, herpesvirus, parvovirus), allergic reactions as a background for sensitization, resolving or supporting factor activity are discussed by specialists with accents in the direction of both infection and allergies.
[Pathogenesis of systemic vasculitis
In the pathogenesis of great importance are circulating in the blood and deposited on the walls of blood vessels, immune inflammation with proliferative-destructive changes in the wall of arteries of different calibers, damage to the vascular endothelium, increased vascular permeability, hypercoagulation, ischemia in the area of vascular damage. Recently, in the pathogenesis of a number of systemic vasculitis, great importance is attached to the formation of angina-trophic cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA). These are organ-specific antibodies that react with various components of the cytoplasm of neutrophils and monocytes. In the presence of cytokines, ANCA causes degranulation of neutrophils, adhesion and damage to vascular endothelial cells, and stimulates the proliferation of T lymphocytes, contributing to granulomatous inflammation. There are 2 types of antibodies:
- dancer and dancer. DANCE - antibodies that cause a diffuse (classical) cytoplasmic glow. PANSA - antibodies that cause perinuclear emission of the cytoplasm of neutrophils, are more specific for myeloperoxidase and other neutrophil enzymes. DANCE is detected in an active period of 90% of patients with Wegener's granulomatosis;
- PANCREA - in 60% of patients with microscopic polyangiitis, 50% with Chang-Strauss syndrome, 15% with Wegener's granulomatosis. Therefore, in the working classifications of systemic vasculitis, currently the microscopic polyarteritis of Wegener's granulomatosis, the Charge-Strauss syndrome is classified as ANCA-associated vasculitis.